Photocatalytic water splitting: advantages and challenges,Sustainable Energy & Fuels

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Photocatalytic water splitting: advantages and challenges
Sustainable Energy & Fuels ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-12 , DOI: 10.1039/d1se00808k
Katherine Villa ₁ , José Ramón Galán-Mascarós _{1,

2} , Núria López ₁ , Emilio Palomares _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Over the last decades, an increasing interest has been devoted to the generation of hydrogen from solar-powered water splitting devices as a direct approach to generate a clean and sustainable energy vector. Among the different alternatives, a direct photocatalytic process is the most straightforward, where a light absorber is able to produce hydrogen and oxygen under light irradiation without an external bias. Herein, we discuss the main pros and cons of photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production, aiming to offer a clear vision of the critical challenges that need to be overcome for these reactions to become a major player in the generation of solar fuels. The main parameters limiting solar-to-hydrogen yields and efficiencies, and the requirements for the descriptors of materials and components are introduced. We also describe the most promising semiconductors and material composites, highlighting their main features, along with future trends to improve photocatalytic stability, efficiency, and kinetics. Thus, our critical perspective grows from the state-of-the-art to focus on the future and viability of photocatalytic solar hydrogen.

中文翻译：

光催化水分解：优势与挑战

在过去的几十年里，人们越来越关注从太阳能水分解装置中产生氢气，作为产生清洁和可持续能源载体的直接方法。在不同的替代方案中，直接光催化过程是最直接的，其中光吸收剂能够在没有外部偏压的情况下在光照射下产生氢气和氧气。在此，我们讨论了光催化水分解制氢的主要优缺点，旨在清晰地阐明这些反应成为太阳能燃料生产的主要参与者需要克服的关键挑战。介绍了限制太阳能到氢气产量和效率的主要参数，以及对材料和组件描述符的要求。我们还描述了最有前途的半导体和材料复合材料，重点介绍了它们的主要特征，以及提高光催化稳定性、效率和动力学的未来趋势。因此，我们的批判性观点从最先进的技术发展到关注光催化太阳能氢的未来和可行性。

更新日期：2021-08-17

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