Both diversity and functional composition affect productivity and water use efficiency in experimental temperate grasslands,Journal of Ecology

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Both diversity and functional composition affect productivity and water use efficiency in experimental temperate grasslands
Journal of Ecology ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-17 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13765
Manuel Walde ₁ , Eric Allan _{2,

3} , Seraina L. Cappelli _{2,

4} , Margaux Didion‐Gency ₁ , Arthur Gessler _{1,

5} , Marco M. Lehmann ₁ , Noémie A. Pichon _{2,

6} , Charlotte Grossiord _{7,

8}

Affiliation

Many experiments have shown that biodiversity promotes ecosystem functioning and stability and that this relationship varies with resource availability. However, we still have a poor understanding of the underlying physiological and ecological mechanisms driving diversity effects and how they may interact with soil nutrient availability.
We collected data in a grassland experiment factorially manipulating fertilization, species richness (SR), functional composition (slow-growing vs. fast-growing species) and functional diversity in resource economic traits. We measured above-ground productivity (AP), nitrogen (N) uptake, photosynthesis and water use efficiency by combining a ¹⁵N labelling approach with productivity, gas exchange and stable isotope measurements in 3 years differing in rainfall.
We found that sown SR increased AP, N uptake and photosynthesis, suggesting that SR is the most important driver of ecosystem productivity and nutrient cycling. Similarly, photosynthesis was affected by functional composition but not by functional diversity. Water use efficiency was reduced by sown SR for communities dominated by slow-growing species but not for communities dominated by fast-growing species. Fertilization increased productivity, N uptake and water use efficiency. The positive effects of high SR on ecosystem functions were independent of fertility levels.
Synthesis. Our results provide evidence that high species richness in temperate grasslands could enhance productivity and reduce the negative impacts of drought events. Multiple factors and community characteristics are important in driving enhanced ecosystem functioning in biodiverse grasslands and seem to affect functioning and stability through different mechanisms.

中文翻译：

多样性和功能组成影响实验温带草原的生产力和水分利用效率

许多实验表明，生物多样性促进生态系统功能和稳定性，并且这种关系因资源可用性而异。然而，我们对驱动多样性影响的潜在生理和生态机制以及它们如何与土壤养分有效性相互作用仍知之甚少。
我们在草地实验中收集了数据，对资源经济性状的施肥、物种丰富度 (SR)、功能组成（缓慢生长与快速生长的物种）和功能多样性进行因子操纵。我们通过将¹⁵ N 标记方法与 3 年降雨量不同的生产力、气体交换和稳定同位素测量相结合，测量了地上生产力 (AP)、氮 (N) 吸收、光合作用和水分利用效率。
我们发现播种的 SR 增加了 AP、N 的吸收和光合作用，表明 SR 是生态系统生产力和养分循环的最重要驱动因素。同样，光合作用受功能组成的影响，但不受功能多样性的影响。对于以生长缓慢的物种为主的群落，播种的 SR 降低了用水效率，但对于以快速生长的物种为主的群落，则不会。施肥提高了生产力、氮吸收和水利用效率。高 SR 对生态系统功能的积极影响与肥力水平无关。
合成。我们的研究结果提供证据表明，温带草原的物种丰富度可以提高生产力并减少干旱事件的负面影响。多种因素和群落特征对于推动生物多样性草地生态系统功能的增强很重要，并且似乎通过不同的机制影响功能和稳定性。

更新日期：2021-08-17

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