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Trialling camera traps to determine occupancy and breeding in burrowing seabirds
Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-17 , DOI: 10.1002/rse2.235 Jeremy P. Bird 1, 2 , Richard A. Fuller 1 , Penny P. Pascoe 2 , Justine D. S. Shaw 1
Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-17 , DOI: 10.1002/rse2.235 Jeremy P. Bird 1, 2 , Richard A. Fuller 1 , Penny P. Pascoe 2 , Justine D. S. Shaw 1
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Burrowing seabirds are important in ecological and conservation terms. Many populations are in flux due to both negative and positive anthropogenic impacts, but their ecology makes measuring changes difficult. Reliably recording key metrics, the proportion of burrows with breeding pairs and the success of breeding attempts requires burrow-level information on occupancy. We investigated the use of camera traps positioned at burrow entrances for determining the number of breeding pairs in a sample to inform population estimates, and for recording breeding success. The performance of two cameras makes we tested differed markedly, with Spypoint Force 10 trail cameras prone to malfunction while Reconyx HC600 Hyperfire cameras performed well. Nevertheless, both makes yielded season-long activity patterns for individual burrows, eliminating uncertainty around successful fledging attempts. Dimensionality reduction of activity metrics derived from camera time series suggests breeding and non-breeding burrows may be identifiable using linear discriminant analyses but sample sizes from our trial were low and group means were only significantly different during certain breeding stages (permutational multivariate analysis of variance: early chick-rearing f = 3.64, P = 0.06; late chick-rearing f = 8.28, P = 0.009). Compared with traditional techniques for determining burrow occupancy (e.g. manual burrow inspection and playback of conspecific calls at burrow entrances), camera traps can reduce uncertainty in estimated breeding success and potentially breeding status of burrows. Significant up-front investment is required in terms of equipment and human resources but for long-term studies, camera traps may deliver advantages, particularly when unanticipated novel observations and the potential for calibrating traditional methods with cameras are factored in.
中文翻译：
试用相机陷阱以确定穴居海鸟的占有率和繁殖情况
穴居海鸟在生态和保护方面很重要。由于负面和正面的人为影响，许多人口都在不断变化，但他们的生态使衡量变化变得困难。可靠地记录关键指标、具有繁殖对的洞穴的比例以及繁殖尝试的成功需要关于占用率的洞穴级别信息。我们调查了使用位于洞穴入口处的相机陷阱来确定样本中繁殖对的数量，从而为种群估计提供信息，并记录繁殖成功。两款相机的性能让我们测试的结果有明显差异，Spypoint Force 10 追踪相机容易出现故障，而 Reconyx HC600 Hyperfire 相机表现良好。尽管如此，两者都为单个洞穴产生了长达一季的活动模式，消除围绕成功的初出茅庐尝试的不确定性。从相机时间序列得出的活动指标的降维表明，可以使用线性判别分析来识别繁殖和非繁殖洞穴，但我们试验的样本量很低，并且组平均值仅在某些繁殖阶段有显着差异（排列多变量方差分析：早期育雏f = 3.64，P = 0.06；后期雏鸡饲养f = 8.28，P = 0.009）。与用于确定洞穴占用率的传统技术（例如手动洞穴检查和洞穴入口处的同种呼叫回放）相比，相机陷阱可以减少估计的繁殖成功和洞穴潜在繁殖状态的不确定性。在设备和人力资源方面需要大量的前期投资，但对于长期研究，相机陷阱可能会带来优势，特别是当考虑到意想不到的新观察和使用相机校准传统方法的潜力时。
更新日期：2021-08-17
中文翻译：
试用相机陷阱以确定穴居海鸟的占有率和繁殖情况
穴居海鸟在生态和保护方面很重要。由于负面和正面的人为影响，许多人口都在不断变化，但他们的生态使衡量变化变得困难。可靠地记录关键指标、具有繁殖对的洞穴的比例以及繁殖尝试的成功需要关于占用率的洞穴级别信息。我们调查了使用位于洞穴入口处的相机陷阱来确定样本中繁殖对的数量，从而为种群估计提供信息，并记录繁殖成功。两款相机的性能让我们测试的结果有明显差异，Spypoint Force 10 追踪相机容易出现故障，而 Reconyx HC600 Hyperfire 相机表现良好。尽管如此，两者都为单个洞穴产生了长达一季的活动模式，消除围绕成功的初出茅庐尝试的不确定性。从相机时间序列得出的活动指标的降维表明，可以使用线性判别分析来识别繁殖和非繁殖洞穴，但我们试验的样本量很低，并且组平均值仅在某些繁殖阶段有显着差异（排列多变量方差分析：早期育雏f = 3.64，P = 0.06；后期雏鸡饲养f = 8.28，P = 0.009）。与用于确定洞穴占用率的传统技术（例如手动洞穴检查和洞穴入口处的同种呼叫回放）相比，相机陷阱可以减少估计的繁殖成功和洞穴潜在繁殖状态的不确定性。在设备和人力资源方面需要大量的前期投资，但对于长期研究，相机陷阱可能会带来优势，特别是当考虑到意想不到的新观察和使用相机校准传统方法的潜力时。
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