BACKGROUND:Edema caused by orthostasis is a common clinical picture in the medical and occupational context. Medical compression therapy with compression stockings (CS) is considered a conservative therapeutic standard in edema therapy. The effect of CS on leg discomfort and the increase of the lower leg volume during a standing load still remains questionable. In addition, it is not entirely known whether there is a correlation between volume increase and discomfort in these individuals. METHOD:A timed, controlled standing load of 15 min was conducted by the participants in this non-randomized controlled study to analyze the change in and correlation between lower leg volume increase and the occurrence of lower leg discomfort under compression therapy. Below-knee CS with an interface pressure of 23–32 mmHg were used. The lower leg volume was measured following previous studies using an optical three-dimensional volume (ml) measurement system, and sensations of discomfort and the urge to move were asked about using a numerical rating scale (NRS) of 0–10. The subjects conducted a leg movement for 15 s immediately after the standing period; the data were collected again subsequently. A correlation was calculated between the lower leg volume and the data regarding the discomfort and urge to move for each participant. The experiments had already been performed as part of a previous study including the same subjects who did not wear CS. The results of the study conducted here were compared with those of the participants who did not wear CS to investigate the effect of the CS. RESULTS:Lower leg volume increased by an average of 27 ml (p < 0.001) (without CS: by 63 ml) during standing load in the right leg. During the leg movement after standing load, the lower leg volume increased by 5 ml (n.s.). The sensations of discomfort during the orthostasis increased by 2.6 points on the NRS (p < 0.001) (without CS: by 3.46 points) and decreased by 1.67 points (p < 0.001) during the leg movement shortly after the standing period. Participants’ urge to move increased by 3.73 points on the NRS (p < 0.001) (without CS: by 3.47 points) while the participants performed the standing period and decreased by 2.73 points (p < 0.001) during the final movement exercise. A weakly significant correlation could be demonstrated between the increase in the lower leg volume and the occurrence of discomfort in 6 out of 13 subjects (p < 0.1), and between the increase in the lower leg volume and the urge to move in 8 out of 15 subjects (p < 0.1). CONCLUSION:Standing loads and lack of movement lead to an increase in the lower leg volume and sensation of discomfort in venous healthy subjects wearing CS, which are reduced by wearing them (p < 0.001). A weakly significant mathematical correlation (Pearson’s correlation coefficient) could be shown between the increase in the lower leg volume and the occurrence of the urge to move in 8 out of 15 subjects (p < 0.1) and between the increase in lower leg volume and the occurrence of leg discomfort in 6 out of 13 subjects (p < 0.1).

中文翻译：

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压力袜对健康受试者站立负荷时不适感和小腿体积的影响

背景：直立引起的水肿是医疗和职业环境中常见的临床表现。带有压力袜 (CS) 的医疗压力治疗被认为是水肿治疗中的保守治疗标准。CS 对腿部不适和站立负荷期间小腿体积增加的影响仍然存在问题。此外，尚不完全清楚这些人的音量增加与不适之间是否存在相关性。方法：这项非随机对照研究的参与者进行了 15 分钟的定时受控站立负荷，以分析在加压治疗下小腿体积增加与小腿不适发生之间的变化和相关性。使用了界面压力为 23-32 mmHg 的膝下 CS。之前的研究使用光学三维体积 (ml) 测量系统测量小腿体积，并使用 0-10 的数字评分量表 (NRS) 询问不适感和运动冲动。受试者站立后立即进行15 s的腿部运动；随后再次收集了数据。计算了每个参与者的小腿体积与有关不适和移动冲动的数据之间的相关性。这些实验已经作为先前研究的一部分进行，包括未穿 CS 的相同受试者。将此处进行的研究结果与未佩戴 CS 的参与者的结果进行比较，以研究 CS 的效果。结果：小腿体积平均增加了 27 毫升（p < 0.001）（没有 CS：63 毫升）在右腿站立负荷期间。在站立负荷后腿部运动期间，小腿体积增加了 5 ml (ns)。在站立期后不久的腿部运动期间，直立期间的不适感在 NRS 上增加了 2.6 分（p < 0.001）（没有 CS：增加了 3.46 分）并减少了 1.67 分（p < 0.001）。参与者的运动冲动在 NRS 上增加了 3.73 分（p < 0.001）（没有 CS：增加 3.47 分），而参与者进行站立期，并在最后的运动练习中减少了 2.73 分（p < 0.001）。在 13 名受试者中的 6 名受试者中，小腿体积的增加与不适的发生之间存在微弱的显着相关性（p < 0.1），以及在小腿体积增加和 15 名受试者中有 8 名想要移动的冲动之间（p < 0.1）。结论：站立负荷和缺乏运动会导致穿着 CS 的静脉健康受试者的小腿体积增加和不适感增加，而穿着 CS 可减少这种感觉（p < 0.001）。15 名受试者中有 8 名（p < 0.1）小腿体积增加与移动冲动的发生之间以及小腿体积增加与13 名受试者中有 6 名出现腿部不适（p < 0.1）。佩戴它们会减少 (p < 0.001)。15 名受试者中有 8 名（p < 0.1）小腿体积增加与移动冲动的发生之间以及小腿体积增加与13 名受试者中有 6 名出现腿部不适（p < 0.1）。佩戴它们会减少 (p < 0.001)。15 名受试者中有 8 名（p < 0.1）小腿体积增加与移动冲动的发生之间以及小腿体积增加与13 名受试者中有 6 名出现腿部不适（p < 0.1）。