Objective

Research on associations of early cannabis use with adult functioning reports mixed findings. This may be due, in part, to wide variations in the definitions of early cannabis use. This study aims to compare associations of 4 commonly used definitions of early cannabis use—related to timing, dose, duration, and associated symptoms—with adult outcomes.

Method

Analyses were based on a 20⁺-year longitudinal, community-representative study of 1,420 participants. Between ages 9 and 21 years (8,806 observations), participants were assessed for cannabis use and DSM-5 cannabis use disorder. In early adulthood (ages 24-26 and 30; 2,424 observations of 1,266 subjects), participants were also assessed for psychiatric, substance use, and functional outcomes.

Results

All definitions of early use were associated with multiple adult outcomes in models that adjusted for sex and race/ethnicity. In models that also adjusted for childhood psychiatric problems and family adversities, only daily use and a persistent developmental subtype (defined as daily/problematic use that began in adolescence and continued into early adulthood) were associated with later substance use/disorders, poorer functional outcomes, and derailments in the transition to adulthood.

Conclusion

Daily, continued-over-time cannabis use beginning on adolescence was most problematic for a range of adult outcomes. Cessation of early use did not fully eliminate later risks; but was associated with fewer negative outcomes, with weaker effect sizes.

中文翻译：

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不同定义的早期大麻使用的成人精神病学、物质和功能结果

客观的

关于早期大麻使用与成人功能的关联研究报告的结果喜忧参半。这可能部分是由于早期大麻使用的定义存在很大差异。本研究旨在比较 4 种常用的早期大麻使用定义（与时间、剂量、持续时间和相关症状相关）与成人结果的关联。

方法

分析基于对 1,420 名参与者进行的 20^多年纵向社区代表性研究。在 9 至 21 岁之间（8,806 次观察），对参与者进行了大麻使用和DSM - 5大麻使用障碍评估。在成年早期（24-26 岁和 30 岁；对 1,266 名受试者的 2,424 次观察），还对参与者的精神、物质使用和功能结果进行了评估。

结果

在针对性别和种族/族裔进行调整的模型中，早期使用的所有定义都与多个成人结果相关。在也针对儿童精神问题和家庭逆境进行调整的模型中，只有日常使用和持续发育亚型（定义为从青春期开始并持续到成年早期的日常/有问题使用）与后期物质使用/障碍、较差的功能结果相关，以及向成年过渡的出轨。

结论

从青春期开始每天、持续使用大麻对一系列成人结果来说是最成问题的。停止早期使用并不能完全消除后期风险；但与较少的负面结果相关，效应量较小。