ABSTRACT

Waste-to-energy is considered as an effective way to simultaneously digest the municipal waste and generate useful power. Steam Rankine cycle is conventionally adopted for solid-waste incineration energy harvesting. To further improve the energy conversion efficiency, cascade systems consisting of a supercritical CO₂ cycle and an organic Rankine cycle were proposed, where both the subcritical and transcritical organic Rankine cycle systems using R1233zd(E) as the working fluid were considered. Thermodynamic and the environmental analysis were evaluated comprehensively, with a follow-up comparison with the state-of-the-art technologies. The results show that compared with the original waste-to-energy plant, the turbine output (2.55 × 10⁷ W) and waste-to-energy efficiency (42.61%) of the supercritical CO₂ cycle/subcritical organic Rankine cycle power plant are increased by 9.50 × 10⁶ W and 59.41%, respectively. If changing to the supercritical CO₂ cycle/transcritical organic Rankine cycle system, the improvement will be greater, i.e., 10.19 × 10⁶ W and 63.71% respectively. The comparison with the state-of-the-art power plants also shows the new waste-to-energy plant has higher efficiency and better environmental performance. The ecological efficiency and sustainability index of supercritical CO₂ cycle/subcritical organic Rankine cycle system power plant are 88.82% and 1.54, while 89.14% and 1.57 with the supercritical CO₂ cycle/transcritical organic Rankine cycle system. The proposed cascade system demonstrated its potential in performance improvement in the field of waste-to-energy incineration. The study provides insights into the next-generation power plants for solid-waste disposal.

摘要

垃圾发电被认为是同时消化城市垃圾和发电的有效途径。蒸汽朗肯循环通常用于固体废物焚烧能量收集。_{为了进一步提高能量转换效率，提出了由超临界CO 2}循环和有机朗肯循环组成的级联系统，其中考虑了以R1233zd(E)为工作流体的亚临界和跨临界有机朗肯循环系统。对热力学和环境分析进行了综合评估，并与最先进的技术进行了后续比较。结果表明，与原垃圾焚烧发电厂相比，涡轮出力（2.55 × 10 ⁷_{超临界CO 2}循环/亚临界有机朗肯循环电厂的W)和垃圾发电效率(42.61%)分别提高了9.50×10 ⁶ W和59.41%。如果改为超临界CO ₂循环/跨临界有机朗肯循环系统，提高幅度更大，分别为10.19×10 ⁶ W和63.71%。与最先进的发电厂的比较也表明，新的垃圾焚烧发电厂具有更高的效率和更好的环保性能。_{超临界CO 2}循环/亚临界有机朗肯循环系统电厂的生态效率和可持续性指数分别为88.82%和1.54，而超临界CO _{2为89.14%和1.57}循环/跨临界有机朗肯循环系统。所提议的级联系统展示了其在垃圾发电焚烧领域提高性能的潜力。该研究提供了对用于固体废物处理的下一代发电厂的见解。