ABSTRACT

The current design method for wind turbine airfoils and vortex generators (VGs) is independent, which cannot be used to simultaneously design wind turbine airfoils and VGs with high aerodynamic performance. Therefore, an aerodynamic-shaped integrated design method for wind turbine airfoils and VGs is proposed. The aerodynamic-shaped VGs instead of plate VGs are introduced to be installed on wind turbine blade section. The blade airfoil and aerodynamic-shaped VGs are both expressed by B-spline function. Then, the optimal mathematic model of wind turbine airfoil with aerodynamic shaped VGs is established, for which the multi-objective functions are maximum lift to drag ratio plus maximum lift coefficient. DU97-W-300 and CLARKY-117 airfoils are selected as initial objects to be optimized simultaneously by combining CFD simulation and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The optimal results indicate that the maximum lift coefficient and lift to drag ratio of the optimized blade with novel VGs show the increase of 9.3% and 7.5%, respectively, compared to initial design. In addition, through the comparative analysis of streamlines and vorticity contours, the new blade section with novel VGs could produce larger induced vortex and could effectively restrain the fluid separation on the blade surface. This study provides a good reference to the design and application of wind turbine airfoils and VGs.

摘要

目前风力机翼型和涡流发生器（VGs）的设计方法是独立的，不能同时设计具有高气动性能的风力机翼型和VGs。因此，提出了一种风力机翼型和VGs的气动外形一体化设计方法。引入空气动力学形状的 VGs 而不是板 VGs 以安装在风力涡轮机叶片截面上。叶片翼型和气动形状的 VG 均由 B 样条函数表示。然后，建立了以最大升阻比加最大升力系数为多目标函数的具有气动形状VGs的风力涡轮机翼型的最优数学模型。结合CFD模拟和粒子群优化（PSO）算法，选取DU97-W-300和CLARKY-117翼型作为初始对象同时优化。优化结果表明，与初始设计相比，具有新型 VG 的优化叶片的最大升力系数和升阻比分别增加了 9.3% 和 7.5%。此外，通过流线和涡度等值线的对比分析，新型VGs的新型叶片截面可以产生更大的诱导涡，有效抑制叶片表面的流体分离。该研究为风力机翼型和VGs的设计和应用提供了很好的参考。优化结果表明，与初始设计相比，具有新型 VG 的优化叶片的最大升力系数和升阻比分别增加了 9.3% 和 7.5%。此外，通过流线和涡度等值线的对比分析，新型VGs的新型叶片截面可以产生更大的诱导涡，有效抑制叶片表面的流体分离。该研究为风力机翼型和VGs的设计和应用提供了很好的参考。优化结果表明，与初始设计相比，具有新型 VG 的优化叶片的最大升力系数和升阻比分别增加了 9.3% 和 7.5%。此外，通过流线和涡度等值线的对比分析，新型VGs的新型叶片截面可以产生更大的诱导涡，有效抑制叶片表面的流体分离。该研究为风力机翼型和VGs的设计和应用提供了很好的参考。