There is growing interest in understanding the role of stakeholders—including financiers, employees, customers, suppliers, and communities—in the process of new venture emergence. We see potential to advance this stream of research by bridging a gap we observe between recent research on stakeholder enrollment in new ventures and longstanding research on stakeholder identification in established firms. To do so, we seek to explain why, how, and when, through social action, stakeholder identification and enrollment may (or may not) occur as an entrepreneur goes from an imagined opportunity to a new venture with enrolled stakeholders. To this end, we develop a model that conceptualizes stakeholder identification and enrollment as iterative, recursive, and constitutive social processes involving action in: refining and justifying to result in commonality with other actors; probing and positioning to result in mutuality with specific stakeholders identified; and enrolling and engaging to result in reciprocity with identified stakeholders. We argue that these social processes constitute the means through which opportunities are formed, specific stakeholders are identified, and stakes in new ventures are created and maintained, respectively. In doing so, we offer a more nuanced explanation of the dynamism implied in stakeholder identification and enrollment in emerging ventures.

人们越来越有兴趣了解利益相关者（包括金融家、员工、客户、供应商和社区）在新企业出现过程中的作用。我们看到了通过弥合我们观察到的最近关于新企业的利益相关者登记的研究与对成熟公司的利益相关者识别的长期研究之间的差距来推进这一研究流的潜力。为此，我们试图解释为什么、如何以及何时，通过社会行动，利益相关者识别和注册可能（或可能不）发生，因为企业家从想象的机会到一个拥有注册利益相关者的新企业。为此，我们开发了一个模型，将利益相关者的识别和注册概念化为涉及以下行动的迭代、递归和构成性社会过程：完善和证明与其他参与者的共同点；探索和定位以与确定的特定利益相关者建立相互关系；参与并参与以与已确定的利益相关者互惠。我们认为，这些社会过程构成了形成机会、确定特定利益相关者以及创建和维护新企业的利害关系的手段。在这样做的过程中，我们对新兴企业中利益相关者识别和注册中隐含的活力提供了更细致入微的解释。我们认为，这些社会过程构成了形成机会、确定特定利益相关者以及创建和维护新企业的利害关系的手段。在这样做的过程中，我们对新兴企业中利益相关者识别和注册中隐含的活力提供了更细致入微的解释。我们认为，这些社会过程构成了形成机会、确定特定利益相关者以及创建和维护新企业的利害关系的手段。在这样做的过程中，我们对新兴企业中利益相关者识别和注册中隐含的活力提供了更细致入微的解释。