High power performance of battery modules requires maintaining lower operating temperature and dissipating large amount of heat generated from the chemical reaction inside the battery. The high heat generated causes increase the battery temperature which leads reduce the battery performance and life cycle. Therefore, an efficient cooling system in battery modules is needed to ensure the safe and long-lasting operation conditions. In this work, thermal management cooling system using heat sink, perforated heat sink and series configurations of dimples which are circular, elliptic, and cylindrical were performed. The single battery made for Li-ion that provide constant power while the positive and negative tabs made from lead lithium respectively. The working fluid is air where the flow was analyzed at low Reynolds number to ensure the laminar flow regime. The perforated sink is conducted using circular hole along the fins where the air enters the perforation at same Reynolds number entering the channel. To investigate the effect of dimple's shape, the dimples assumed to have same volume. The results show that, the battery temperature reduced significantly using air conventional heat sink. Using perforated heat sink slightly decreased the battery temperature and small increase in Nusselt number obtained compared to conventional heat sink. In addition, the influence of dimple shape on thermal performance of heat sink and battery temperature investigated. The cylindrical dimples reduce the battery temperature by 1.5 $°C$ compared with conventional heat sink without dimples. Including perforated heat sink with dimples leads to decrease the battery temperature by 3 $°C$ at same conditions. The shape of dimples has a slight effect on thermal performance of heat sink and battery temperature.

电池模块的高功率性能需要保持较低的工作温度并散发电池内部化学反应产生的大量热量。产生的高热量会导致电池温度升高，从而降低电池性能和寿命周期。因此，需要在电池模块中建立高效的冷却系统，以确保安全和持久的运行条件。在这项工作中，进行了使用散热器、穿孔散热器和圆形、椭圆形和圆柱形凹坑的串联配置的热管理冷却系统。锂离子单体电池提供恒定功率，正负极片分别由铅锂制成。工作流体是空气，在低雷诺数下分析流动以确保层流状态。穿孔水槽是使用沿翅片的圆形孔进行的，空气以相同的雷诺数进入穿孔。为了研究凹坑形状的影响，假设凹坑具有相同的体积。结果表明，使用空气常规散热片，电池温度显着降低。与传统散热器相比，使用穿孔散热器略微降低了电池温度，并且获得的努塞尔数小幅增加。此外，还研究了凹坑形状对散热器热性能和电池温度的影响。圆柱形凹坑使电池温度降低 1.5 穿孔水槽是使用沿翅片的圆形孔进行的，空气以相同的雷诺数进入穿孔。为了研究凹坑形状的影响，假设凹坑具有相同的体积。结果表明，使用空气常规散热片，电池温度显着降低。与传统散热器相比，使用穿孔散热器略微降低了电池温度，并且获得的努塞尔数小幅增加。此外，还研究了凹坑形状对散热器热性能和电池温度的影响。圆柱形凹坑使电池温度降低 1.5 穿孔水槽是使用沿翅片的圆形孔进行的，空气以相同的雷诺数进入穿孔。为了研究凹坑形状的影响，假设凹坑具有相同的体积。结果表明，使用空气常规散热片，电池温度显着降低。与传统散热器相比，使用穿孔散热器略微降低了电池温度，并且获得的努塞尔数小幅增加。此外，还研究了凹坑形状对散热器热性能和电池温度的影响。圆柱形凹坑使电池温度降低 1.5 结果表明，使用空气常规散热片，电池温度显着降低。与传统散热器相比，使用穿孔散热器略微降低了电池温度，并且获得的努塞尔数小幅增加。此外，还研究了凹坑形状对散热器热性能和电池温度的影响。圆柱形凹坑使电池温度降低 1.5 结果表明，使用空气常规散热片，电池温度显着降低。与传统散热器相比，使用穿孔散热器略微降低了电池温度，并且获得的努塞尔数小幅增加。此外，还研究了凹坑形状对散热器热性能和电池温度的影响。圆柱形凹坑使电池温度降低 1.5$℃$与没有凹痕的传统散热器相比。包括带有凹痕的穿孔散热器导致电池温度降低 3 $℃$在相同条件下。凹坑的形状对散热器的热性能和电池温度有轻微影响。