Higher relative humidity and more moderate temperatures increase the severity of rice false smut disease in the rice–crayfish coculture system,Food and Energy Security

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Higher relative humidity and more moderate temperatures increase the severity of rice false smut disease in the rice–crayfish coculture system
Food and Energy Security ( IF 4.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-17 , DOI: 10.1002/fes3.323
Song Jiehui ₁ , Wang Yan ₁ , Chen Linrong ₁ , Zhang Sijie ₁ , Ni Chuan ₁ , Zhu Di ₁ , Liang You ₁ , Luo Junfei ₁ , Dou Zhi ₁ , Gao Hui ₁ , Dai Qigen ₁ , Xu Ke ₁ , Huo Zhongyang ₁

Affiliation

Rice false smut, a devastating grain disease in rice, is a great challenge to global food security. Rice–crayfish coculture (RC) has been widely used in recent years because it increases farmers' income, stabilizes rice yield, and reduces the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Currently, rice false smut is becoming a threat to the stability of RC systems. A field experiment demonstrated that rice false smut in RC was much more serious than the disease in rice monoculture (RM) among most rice varieties in both 2019 and 2020. The fold change (RC vs. RM) range of the disease index of different rice varieties ranged from 1.23 to 19.35. Some varieties displayed resistance to rice false smut in RM, but were susceptible in RC, suggesting that the RC system that utilizes deep water irrigation is a better model than the RM to evaluate the resistance of rice varieties to false smut. Under the RC system, varieties YG 16, GBYJZ, and HD 5 displayed good natural resistance to rice false smut. A three-way ANOVA with year, rice varieties, and culture types as factors showed that each factor had highly significant effects on the disease index. To identify the main factors causing differences between the RC and RM systems, we recorded the field microclimate around rice panicles. In comparison with RM, RC showed higher relative humidity (RH) and more moderate temperatures from the rice booting stage to early filling stage. Under simulated conditions of RC and RM, the germination rate of U. virens conidia under RC was significantly higher than that under RM. These findings indicate that higher RH and more moderate temperatures increase the severity of rice false smut disease in the RC system, and this provides unique insights into how to manage the threat of rice false smut.

中文翻译：

较高的相对湿度和较适中的温度会增加水稻-小龙虾共养系统中水稻黑穗病的严重程度

水稻黑穗病是一种破坏性水稻病害，对全球粮食安全构成巨大挑战。近年来，水稻与小龙虾共养（RC）因其增加农民收入、稳定水稻产量、减少农药和化肥的使用而得到广泛应用。目前，稻曲病正在成为对RC系统稳定性的威胁。田间试验表明，2019 年和 2020 年大多数水稻品种中，RC 稻曲病比单作水稻病害严重得多。不同水稻病害指数的倍数变化（RC vs. RM）范围品种范围从1.23到19.35。一些品种在 RM 中表现出对稻曲病的抗性，但在 RC 中表现出抗性，表明利用深水灌溉的 RC 系统是比 RM 更好的模型来评估水稻品种对黑穗病的抗性。在RC体系下，YG 16、GBYJZ和HD 5品种对稻曲病表现出良好的天然抗性。以年份、水稻品种和栽培类型为因子的三因素方差分析表明，各因子对病害指数的影响均非常显着。为了确定导致 RC 和 RM 系统之间差异的主要因素，我们记录了水稻穗周围的田间小气候。与RM相比，RC在水稻孕穗期至灌浆前期表现出更高的相对湿度（RH）和更适中的温度。在 RC 和 RM 模拟条件下，HD 5 对稻曲病具有良好的天然抗性。以年份、水稻品种和栽培类型为因子的三因素方差分析表明，各因子对病害指数的影响均非常显着。为了确定导致 RC 和 RM 系统之间差异的主要因素，我们记录了水稻穗周围的田间小气候。与RM相比，RC在水稻孕穗期至灌浆前期表现出更高的相对湿度（RH）和更适中的温度。在 RC 和 RM 模拟条件下，HD 5 对稻曲病具有良好的天然抗性。以年份、水稻品种和栽培类型为因子的三因素方差分析表明，各因子对疾病指数的影响均非常显着。为了确定导致 RC 和 RM 系统之间差异的主要因素，我们记录了水稻穗周围的田间小气候。与RM相比，RC在水稻孕穗期至灌浆前期表现出更高的相对湿度（RH）和更适中的温度。在 RC 和 RM 模拟条件下，我们记录了稻穗周围的田间小气候。与RM相比，RC在水稻孕穗期至灌浆前期表现出更高的相对湿度（RH）和更适中的温度。在 RC 和 RM 模拟条件下，我们记录了稻穗周围的田间小气候。与RM相比，RC在水稻孕穗期至灌浆前期表现出更高的相对湿度（RH）和更适中的温度。在 RC 和 RM 模拟条件下，ü。 RC下的virens分生孢子显着高于RM下。这些发现表明，较高的相对湿度和较适中的温度会增加 RC 系统中稻曲病的严重程度，这为如何管理稻曲病的威胁提供了独特的见解。

更新日期：2021-08-17

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