Livestock production extension in Amazon has caused deforestation and soil degradation, with negative consequences on diversity and environmental services. Recently, rubber crops have been established in deteriorated soils of the Colombian Amazon as an option to restore hectares of unproductive degraded pastures. Bioindicator insects, such as termites, have been used to assess soil quality and fertility restoration. This study evaluated differences in termite abundance, species richness, and community composition in three different rubber crop systems as an indirect way of evaluating soil diversity restoring. Three rubber crop systems were sampled: clonal fields (rubber monocultures with different rubber clones), traditional commercial rubber plantations (rubber monocultures with just one rubber clone), and mixed plantations (rubber fields intercropped with copoazú fruit trees). Additionally, pastures in use for livestock production and natural forest relicts were compared to rubber crop systems, to serve as reference habitats. Termites were sampled using a 105-m transect method. Alpha diversity and beta diversity were estimated and compared between rubber crops and reference habitats. A total of 80 termite species belonging to two families were collected. Mixed plantations and pastures presented the lowest diversity rates. Species richness in rubber crop systems was 39% higher than that in pastures and included 72% of the termite species found in natural forests. Indicator species analysis associated soil-feeding termites with less diverse habitats and wood-feeding termites with high diverse habitats. Our results demonstrate that termite recovery will depend on the farming system selected and the agricultural practices implemented in the field, with some rubber crop systems, like commercial rubber plantations and clonal fields, recovering termite diversity better than others, such as mixed plantations.

亚马逊的畜牧生产扩展导致森林砍伐和土壤退化，对多样性和环境服务产生负面影响。最近，在哥伦比亚亚马逊地区恶化的土壤中种植橡胶作物，作为恢复公顷的非生产性退化牧场的一种选择。生物指示昆虫，如白蚁，已被用于评估土壤质量和肥力恢复。本研究评估了三种不同橡胶作物系统中白蚁丰度、物种丰富度和群落组成的差异，作为评估土壤多样性恢复的间接方法。对三种橡胶作物系统进行了采样：无性系田地（具有不同橡胶克隆的橡胶单一栽培）、传统商业橡胶种植园（橡胶单一栽培只有一个橡胶克隆）、和混合种植园（橡胶地与 copoazú 果树间作）。此外，将用于畜牧生产和天然森林遗迹的牧场与橡胶作物系统进行了比较，以作为参考栖息地。使用 105 米横断面法对白蚁进行采样。估计并比较了橡胶作物和参考栖息地之间的阿尔法多样性和贝塔多样性。共收集了属于两个科的 80 种白蚁。混合种植园和牧场的多样性率最低。橡胶作物系统的物种丰富度比牧场高 39%，包括天然林中发现的白蚁物种的 72%。指示物种分析与栖息地多样化程度较低的食土白蚁和栖息地多样化程度较高的食木白蚁相关。