While infection by Neisseria gonorrhoeae is often asymptomatic in women, undetected infections can ascend into the upper genital tract to elicit an inflammatory response that manifests as pelvic inflammatory disease, with the outcomes depending on the intensity and duration of inflammation and whether it is localized to the endometrial, fallopian tube, ovarian, and/or other tissues. This review examines the contribution of N. gonorrhoeae versus other potential causes of pelvic inflammatory disease by considering new insights gained through molecular, immunological, and microbiome-based analyses, and the current epidemiological burden of infection, with an aim to highlighting key areas for future study.

中文翻译：

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淋球菌性盆腔炎：将机制见解置于临床和流行病学观察的背景下

虽然淋病奈瑟菌感染在女性中通常无症状，但未被发现的感染可上升到上生殖道，引发炎症反应，表现为盆腔炎，其结果取决于炎症的强度和持续时间，以及炎症是否局限于子宫内膜、输卵管、卵巢和/或其他组织。本综述通过考虑通过基于分子、免疫学和微生物组的分析获得的新见解以及当前的感染流行病学负担，研究了淋病奈瑟菌与盆腔炎的其他潜在原因的贡献，旨在突出未来的关键领域学习。