Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of mortality in persons living with HIV (PLWH). Sputum-based diagnosis of TB in patients with low CD4 counts is hampered by paucibacillary disease and consequent sputum scarcity or negative sputum results. Urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) has shown promise in the point-of-care detection of TB in this patient subset but lacks sensitivity, and its exact role in a diagnostic algorithm for TB in South Africa remains to be clarified.

中文翻译：

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在约翰内斯堡的两家医院，痰稀少和痰阴性的 HIV 相关结核病患者尿液中脂阿拉伯甘露聚糖试验阳性的临床、放射学和实验室预测因素。

结核病 (TB) 是导致 HIV 感染者 (PLWH) 死亡的主要原因。在 CD4 计数低的患者中，基于痰的结核病诊断受到少杆菌病和随之而来的痰稀少或痰阴性结果的阻碍。尿液 lipoarabinomannan (LAM) 已在该患者亚群中的 TB 即时检测中显示出前景，但缺乏敏感性，其在南非 TB 诊断算法中的确切作用仍有待澄清。