Body image (BI) disturbance is a relevant factor in the etiology and treatment of eating disorders (ED). Although progress has been made in recent decades in understanding BI and its relationship with ED, the efficacy of BI disturbance prevention and intervention programs is still limited. In order to reach deeper understanding of BI disturbance and clarify the interactions between some protective and risk factors related to this construct, we carried out a literature review on some specific BI-related factors that so far have been analyzed independently. We specifically examined positive and negative BI; embodiment and its role in the development of positive and negative BI; and self-compassion as a protective factor that promotes positive embodiment (vs. disembodiment) and protection against body shame. We conclude that integrating the available evidence on these factors into BI models may be used to enhance our understanding of BI and improve the efficacy of prevention and intervention programs to help fight negative BI (by reducing body shame and disembodiment) and promote positive BI (by increasing self-compassion and positive embodiment).

中文翻译：

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全面了解身体意象：整合积极的身体意象、体现和自我同情。

身体意象 (BI) 障碍是饮食失调 (ED) 病因和治疗的相关因素。尽管近几十年来在理解 BI 及其与 ED 的关系方面取得了进展，但 BI 干扰预防和干预计划的功效仍然有限。为了更深入地了解 BI 干扰并阐明与该构念相关的一些保护因素和风险因素之间的相互作用，我们对迄今为止已独立分析的一些特定 BI 相关因素进行了文献综述。我们专门检查了正面和负面的 BI；体现及其在正面和负面 BI 发展中的作用；和自我同情作为一种保护因素，促进积极的体现（相对于脱离肉体）和防止身体羞耻。