Controlled wound healing requires a temporal and spatial coordination of cellular activities within the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Disruption of cell–cell and cell–matrix communication results in defective repair, like chronic or fibrotic wounds. Activities of macrophages and fibroblasts crucially contribute to the fate of closing wounds. To investigate the influence of the ECM as an active part controlling cellular behavior, coculture models based on fibrillar 3D biopolymers such as collagen have already been successfully used. With well-defined biochemical and biophysical properties such 3D scaffolds enable in vitro studies on cellular processes including infiltration and differentiation in an in vivo like microenvironment. Further, paracrine and autocrine signaling as well as modulation of soluble mediator transport inside the ECM can be modeled using fibrillar 3D scaffolds. Herein, we review the usage of these scaffolds in in vitro coculture models allowing in-depth studies on the crosstalk between macrophages and fibroblasts during different stages of cutaneous wound healing. A more accurate mimicry of the various processes of cellular crosstalk at the different stages of wound healing will contribute to a better understanding of the impact of biochemical and biophysical environmental parameters and help to develop further strategies against diseases such as fibrosis.

中文翻译：

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用于研究伤口修复中巨噬细胞-成纤维细胞串扰的纤维状生物聚合物支架

受控伤口愈合需要周围细胞外基质 (ECM) 内细胞活动的时间和空间协调。细胞-细胞和细胞-基质通讯的中断会导致修复缺陷，如慢性或纤维化伤口。巨噬细胞和成纤维细胞的活动对闭合伤口的命运至关重要。为了研究 ECM 作为控制细胞行为的活性部分的影响，基于纤维状 3D 生物聚合物（如胶原蛋白）的共培养模型已经成功使用。这种 3D 支架具有明确的生化和生物物理特性，能够体外细胞过程的研究，包括浸润和分化体内比如微环境。此外，可以使用纤维状 3D 支架模拟旁分泌和自分泌信号以及 ECM 内可溶性介质转运的调节。在此，我们回顾了这些脚手架在体外共培养模型允许在皮肤伤口愈合的不同阶段深入研究巨噬细胞和成纤维细胞之间的串扰。在伤口愈合的不同阶段更准确地模拟细胞串扰的各种过程将有助于更好地了解生化和生物物理环境参数的影响，并有助于制定针对纤维化等疾病的进一步策略。