Implant design has evolved from biochemically inert substrates, minimizing cell and protein interaction, towards sophisticated bioactive substrates, modulating the host response and supporting the regeneration of the injured tissue. Important aspects to consider are the control of cell adhesion, the discrimination of bacteria and non-local cells from the desired tissue cell type, and the stimulation of implant integration and wound healing. Here, the extracellular matrix acts as a role model providing us with inspiration for sophisticated designs. Within this scope, small bioactive peptides have proven to be miscellaneously deployable for the mediation of surface, cell and matrix interactions. Combinations of adhesion ligands, proteoglycans, and modulatory proteins should guide multiple aspects of the regeneration process and cooperativity between the different extracellular matrix components, which bears the chance to maximize the therapeutic efficiency and simultaneously lower the doses. Hence, efforts to include multiple of these factors in biomaterial design are well worth. In the following, multifunctional implant coatings based on bioactive peptides are reviewed and concepts to implement strong surface anchoring for stable cell adhesion and a dynamic delivery of modulator proteins are discussed.

中文翻译：

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通过开发受 ECM 启发的生物材料涂层和受控的蛋白质释放来改善伤口愈合

植入物设计已经从生化惰性底物（最大限度地减少细胞和蛋白质相互作用）发展为复杂的生物活性底物，调节宿主反应并支持受损组织的再生。需要考虑的重要方面是细胞粘附的控制、细菌和非局部细胞与所需组织细胞类型的区分，以及植入物整合和伤口愈合的刺激。在这里，细胞外基质充当了榜样，为我们提供了复杂设计的灵感。在此范围内，小型生物活性肽已被证明可广泛用于介导表面、细胞和基质相互作用。粘附配体、蛋白聚糖的组合，和调节蛋白应该指导再生过程的多个方面以及不同细胞外基质成分之间的协同性，这有可能最大限度地提高治疗效率并同时降低剂量。因此，在生物材料设计中包含多个这些因素的努力是值得的。在下文中，将回顾基于生物活性肽的多功能植入物涂层，并讨论实施强表面锚定以实现稳定细胞粘附和动态递送调节蛋白的概念。