Mass spectrometry (MS) based analysis has received intense attention in diverse biological fields. However, direct MS interrogation of target biomolecules in complex biological samples is still challenging, due to the extremely low abundance and poor ionization potency of target biological species. Innovations in nanomaterials create new auxiliary tools for deep and comprehensive MS characterization of biomolecules. More recently, growing research interest has been directed to the compositional and structural engineering of nanomaterials for enriching target biomolecules prior to MS analysis, enhancing the ionization efficiency in MS detection and designing biosensing nanoprobes in sensitive MS readout. In this review, we mainly focus on the recent advances in the engineering of nanomaterials towards their applications in sample pre-treatment, desorption/ionization matrices and ion signal amplification for MS profiling of biomolecules. This review will provide a toolbox of nanomaterials for researchers devoted to developing analytical methods and practical applications in the biological MS field.

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用于生物分子质谱分析的纳米材料工程

基于质谱 (MS) 的分析在不同的生物领域受到了广泛关注。然而，由于目标生物物种的丰度极低和电离能力差，直接 MS 询问复杂生物样品中的目标生物分子仍然具有挑战性。纳米材料的创新为生物分子的深度和综合 MS 表征创造了新的辅助工具。最近，越来越多的研究关注纳米材料的组成和结构工程，用于在 MS 分析之前富集目标生物分子，提高 MS 检测中的电离效率，并在灵敏的 MS 读数中设计生物传感纳米探针。在这篇综述中，我们主要关注纳米材料工程在样品预处理中的应用的最新进展，用于生物分子 MS 分析的解吸/电离基质和离子信号放大。本综述将为致力于开发生物质谱领域分析方法和实际应用的研究人员提供一个纳米材料工具箱。