Background

The objective of this study was to assess human adenovirus (HAdV) infection in juvenile polyps (JPs) and to preliminarily establish a correlation to vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression.

Methods

The study includes 76 patients of 5.2 ± 2.8 years old. Seventy-eight JP specimens and 24 parapolyp tissues from polypectomy were used. PCR was used to detect HAdV DNA and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR for viral and host gene expression. The PCR products were sequenced for virus typing. The correlation between VDR expression and HAdV infection was established using nonparametric Spearman’s analysis.

Results

Seventy-four children (97.4%) had a single polyp and two had two polyps. The histopathological characteristics of the polyps were in line with JP. Thirty-three samples had HAdV DNA (43.4%), including 32 subgroup C and 1 subgroup B HAdV; no enteric HAdV was detected. HAdV messenger RNA was detected in 5 of the 33 samples (15.2%). The samples had increased interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and calprotectin expression, and reduced E-cadherin and VDR expression. JP samples with low VDR expression were more prevalent of HAdV DNA (r = 1.261, 95% confidence interval, 1.017–1.563), while VDR expression positively correlated with E-cadherin and negatively with inflammation gene expression.

Conclusions

HAdV latent infection was prevalent among JP tissues. The presence of HAdV correlated positively to low VDR expression.

Impact

• The HAdVs infect the upper airways and gastrointestinal system and is found to persist in lymphoid tissues. The prevalence of HAdV and the status of the infection is unknown.

• The study investigated the prevalence of HAdV from polypectomy specimens of JP patients and found that HAdV was prevalent and was in a persistent state. HAdV infection was more prevalent in samples with low VDR expression.

• Whether HAdV infection and reactivation is a contributing factor to JPs is unknown. Factors such as proinflammation and bacterial metabolites that are known to promote HAdV reactivation warrant further investigation.

中文翻译：

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腺病毒在幼年息肉中普遍存在，并与维生素 D 受体表达低相关

背景

本研究的目的是评估幼年息肉 (JP) 中的人类腺病毒 (HAdV) 感染，并初步建立与维生素 D 受体 (VDR) 表达的相关性。

方法

该研究包括 76 名 5.2 ± 2.8 岁的患者。使用来自息肉切除术的 78 个 JP 标本和 24 个旁息肉组织。PCR 用于检测 HAdV DNA，并使用定量逆转录 PCR 检测病毒和宿主基因表达。对 PCR 产物进行测序以进行病毒分型。使用非参数 Spearman 分析建立了 VDR 表达与 HAdV 感染之间的相关性。

结果

74 名儿童 (97.4%) 患有单个息肉，两名儿童患有两个息肉。息肉的组织病理学特征与JP一致。33份样本含有HAdV DNA（43.4%），其中C亚组HAdV 32份，B亚组HAdV 1份；未检测到肠道HAdV。在 33 个样本中，有 5 个样本检测到了 HAdV 信使 RNA（15.2%）。样本中白细胞介素-1β (IL-1β)、IL-6 和钙卫蛋白的表达增加，而 E-钙粘蛋白和 VDR 的表达减少。VDR 表达低的 JP 样本中 HAdV DNA 更为普遍（r  = 1.261，95% 置信区间，1.017–1.563），而 VDR 表达与 E-钙粘蛋白呈正相关，与炎症基因表达呈负相关。

结论

HAdV 潜伏感染在 JP 组织中普遍存在。HAdV 的存在与低 VDR 表达呈正相关。

影响

• HAdV 感染上呼吸道和胃肠系统，并被发现存在于淋巴组织中。HAdV 的流行情况和感染状况尚不清楚。

• 该研究调查了 JP 患者息肉切除标本中 HAdV 的流行情况，发现 HAdV 很流行并且处于持续状态。HAdV 感染在 VDR 表达低的样本中更为普遍。

• HAdV 感染和再激活是否是 JP 的一个促成因素尚不清楚。促炎症和细菌代谢物等已知促进 HAdV 再激活的因素值得进一步研究。