Recent evidence in cognitive neuroscience indicates that the visual system is influenced by the outcome of an early appraisal mechanism that automatically evaluates what is seen as being harmful or beneficial for the organism. This indicates that there could be valence in perception. But what could it mean for one to see something positively or negatively? Although most theories of emotions accept that valence involves being related to values, the nature of this relation remains highly debated. Some explain valence in terms of evaluative content, others in terms of evaluative attitude. Here I shall argue that an account of affective perception in terms of attitude has more chance of succeeding. To do so, I will first highlight the difficulties that a content-based approach faces, considering the many forms that it might take. I will conclude that seeing the world positively or negatively involves more than a positive or negative content; it involves a distinctive attitude, but which one? Should it be conceived of in imperative or evaluative terms? And what makes this attitude distinct from a proper emotion?

认知神经科学的最新证据表明，视觉系统受到早期评估机制结果的影响，该机制会自动评估被视为对生物体有害或有益的事物。这表明感知中可能存在效价。但是，对一个人来说，积极或消极地看待某事意味着什么？尽管大多数情绪理论都承认效价与价值观有关，但这种关系的性质仍然存在很大争议。一些根据评价内容来解释效价，另一些则根据评价态度来解释效价。在这里，我将论证从态度角度对情感知觉的解释更有可能成功。为此，我将首先强调基于内容的方法面临的困难，考虑到它可能采取的多种形式。我将得出结论，积极或消极地看待世界不仅仅涉及积极或消极的内容；它涉及一种独特的态度，但是哪一种呢？它应该以命令式还是评价式的方式来构想？是什么使这种态度与适当的情绪不同？