ABSTRACT

Germany was the first Western nation to formally implement an object designed to assist with the identification of wounded and dead soldiers, introducing theRekognitionmarke in 1869 following the trial of an identity disc system in 1866. A new design, the Erkennungsmarke, was introduced in 1878, shaping the systems utilized in later wars. The German experience of wearing identifying objects would later influence the identification systems of other European armies, including France and Britain; ultimately resulting in the addition of new articles within the 1906 Geneva Convention to reflect changing attitudes and expectations towards those who died fighting for their country. The Erkennungsmarke presented the possibility of identification, even where immediate burial was not possible, thus facilitating the development of German military burial cultures. This paper explores the development and use of Erkennungsmarken between 1866–1918, information which can assist with the identification of German soldiers recovered during archaeological works.

摘要

德国是第一个西方国家正式实施旨在协助受伤和死亡士兵的识别对象，介绍了Rekognitionmarke 于1869年的身份盘系统在1866年全新设计的试验之后，在 Erkennungsmarke， 于1878年推出，塑造了在后来的战争中使用的系统。德国佩戴识别物品的经历后来影响了包括法国和英国在内的其他欧洲军队的识别系统；最终导致在 1906 年日内瓦公约中增加了新条款，以反映人们对为国家而战的人们的态度和期望不断变化。该 Erkennungsmarke 提供了鉴定的可能性，即使在无法立即埋葬的情况下，也促进了德国军葬文化的发展。本文探讨了 1866 年至 1918 年间Erkennungsmarken的发展和使用， 这些信息有助于识别考古工作中发现的德国士兵。