Sir Douglas Mawson is a well-known Antarctic explorer and scientist. Early in his career, he recognised opportunities for commerce in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions. While at Cape Denison, Antarctica, in 1913 on the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (AAE), the Adelie Blizzard magazine was produced. Mawson contributed articles about Antarctic natural resources and their possible use. Later, he advocated Australia be involved in pelagic whaling. He collected seal skins and oil for their commercial value to be assessed by the Hudson’s Bay Company. During the AAE, Mawson visited Macquarie Island where an oiling gang was killing southern elephant seals and royal penguins. Mawson was concerned that they were over-exploited and lobbied successfully to stop the killing. His plans for Macquarie Island included a wildlife sanctuary, with a party to supervise access, send meteorological observations to Australia and New Zealand, and be self-funded by harvesting elephant seals and penguins. Macquarie Island was declared a sanctuary in 1933. Although Mawson has been recognised as an early proponent of conservation, his views on conservation of living natural resources were inconsistent. They should be placed in their historical context: in the early twentieth century, utilisation of living natural resources was viewed more favourably than currently.

中文翻译：

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莫森对南极和亚南极自然资源利用的看法

道格拉斯·莫森爵士是著名的南极探险家和科学家。在他职业生涯的早期，他发现了南极和亚南极地区的商业机会。1913 年在南极洲丹尼森角的澳大拉西亚南极探险队 (AAE) 期间，制作了 Adelie Blizzard 杂志。Mawson 撰写了有关南极自然资源及其可能用途的文章。后来，他主张澳大利亚参与远洋捕鲸。他收集海豹皮和海豹油以供哈德逊湾公司评估其商业价值。在 AAE 期间，莫森访问了麦格理岛，那里的一个涂油团伙正在捕杀南方象海豹和皇家企鹅。莫森担心他们被过度利用并成功游说以阻止杀戮。他对麦格理岛的计划包括一个野生动物保护区，与一方监督准入，向澳大利亚和新西兰发送气象观测，并通过捕捞象海豹和企鹅自筹资金。麦格理岛于 1933 年被宣布为保护区。尽管莫森已被公认为保护的早期支持者，但他对保护生物自然资源的看法并不一致。应将它们置于其历史背景中：在 20 世纪初，人们对利用生物自然资源的看法比现在更为有利。他对保护生物自然资源的看法前后不一致。应将它们置于其历史背景中：在 20 世纪初，人们对利用生物自然资源的看法比现在更为有利。他对保护生物自然资源的看法前后不一致。应将它们置于其历史背景中：在 20 世纪初，人们对利用生物自然资源的看法比现在更为有利。