At the beginning of Korean migration to Argentina in the 1960s and 1970s, most Korean immigrants in Argentina were intensively involved in garment sewing and knitting jobs, working as employees at or owners of Korean workshops subcontracted by Jewish manufacturers. However, due to the substantial upward mobility of the Korean business community, eventually Korean workshop owners, out of necessity, started recruiting workers from outside of their co-ethnic networks. Based on ethnographic research in Argentina, this study aims to explore why and how Korean employers have created labor relationships exclusively with Bolivian immigrants in their workshops in the Argentine garment industry with a particular focus on informality. For Korean workshop owners who are managing their businesses extremely informally, it is strategic to turn to the group they feel is most trustworthy. Bolivian seamstresses prefer to work for Korean workshop owners as Korean employers are deemed more dependable, pay on time and in full, and provide relatively better working conditions in comparison to Bolivian employers. This research further proves that it is particularly crucial for linkages of bounded solidarity and tacit trust to be established among all actors involved when employment and business practices are managed in a highly informal environment.

中文翻译：

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非正式和可靠：阿根廷服装业韩国缝纫车间的玻利维亚移民*

在 1960 年代和 1970 年代韩国移民开始时，阿根廷的大多数韩国移民都集中从事服装缝纫和针织工作，在犹太制造商转包的韩国作坊担任雇员或业主。然而，由于韩国商界的大量向上流动，最终韩国作坊主出于必要，开始从他们的同族网络之外招募工人。本研究以阿根廷的民族志研究为基础，旨在探讨韩国雇主为何以及如何在阿根廷服装业的工作室中专门与玻利维亚移民建立劳动关系，特别关注非正规性。对于经营非常不正规的韩国作坊主来说，求助于他们认为最值得信赖的群体是战略性的。玻利维亚裁缝更喜欢为韩国作坊老板工作，因为与玻利维亚雇主相比，韩国雇主被认为更可靠，按时足额支付工资，并提供相对更好的工作条件。这项研究进一步证明，在高度非正式的环境中管理就业和商业实践时，在所有相关参与者之间建立有限团结和默契信任的联系尤为重要。