Focusing on violent Ottoman contexts, this study explores state behavior, charts criminal taxonomy, and contributes to the state-outlaw paradigm an analytical conduit through which to explain state responses to the outlaws on discursive and institutional levels. At the center of this study are several cases that demonstrate the engagement of local outlaws with evangelical outsiders named George Knapp, George White, and Ellen Stone. It is my contention that, while mitigating specific activities involving these outlaws and outsiders, the state under study invents new traditions, empowers security networks, claims unaccountability, and executes double standards in pursuit of social order within its borders.

中文翻译：

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永恒国家的神话：亚美尼亚不法之徒、美国局外人和奥斯曼帝国寻求秩序

本研究着眼于奥斯曼帝国的暴力背景，探索国家行为，绘制犯罪分类学，并为国家-不法之徒范式做出贡献，这是一个分析渠道，通过它来解释国家在话语和制度层面对不法之徒的反应。这项研究的中心是几个案例，这些案例证明了当地不法分子与名为 George Knapp、George White 和 Ellen Stone 的福音派局外人的交往。我的观点是，在减轻涉及这些不法之徒和局外人的具体活动的同时，被研究的国家发明了新传统，赋予安全网络权力，声称不负责任，并在其境内追求社会秩序时执行双重标准。