Nonhealing chronic wounds are among the most common skin disorders with increasing incidence worldwide. However, their treatment is still dissatisfying, that is why novel therapeutic concepts targeting the sustained inflammatory process have emerged. Increasing understanding of chronic wound pathologies has put macrophages in the spotlight of such approaches. Herein, we review current concepts and perspectives of therapeutic macrophage control by ECM-inspired wound dressing materials. We provide an overview of the current understanding of macrophage diversity with particular view on their roles in skin and in physiological and disturbed wound healing processes. Based on this we discuss strategies for their modulation in chronic wounds and how such strategies can be tailored in ECM-inspired wound dressing. The latter utilize and mimic general principles of ECM-mediated cell control, such as binding and delivery of signaling molecules and direct signaling to cells specifically adapted for macrophage regulation in wounds. In this review, we present examples of most recent approaches and discuss ideas for their further development.

中文翻译：

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通过 ECM 启发的伤口敷料调节巨噬细胞功能——一种有前途的慢性伤口治疗方法

不愈合的慢性伤口是最常见的皮肤病之一，其发病率在全球范围内呈上升趋势。然而，他们的治疗仍然不令人满意，这就是为什么出现了针对持续炎症过程的新治疗概念的原因。对慢性伤口病理的日益了解使巨噬细胞成为此类方法的焦点。在此，我们回顾了受 ECM 启发的伤口敷料材料对治疗性巨噬细胞控制的当前概念和观点。我们概述了当前对巨噬细胞多样性的理解，特别是它们在皮肤以及生理和受干扰的伤口愈合过程中的作用。基于此，我们讨论了它们在慢性伤口中的调节策略，以及如何在 ECM 启发的伤口敷料中定制这些策略。后者利用和模仿 ECM 介导的细胞控制的一般原理，例如信号分子的结合和传递，以及直接向特别适合于伤口中巨噬细胞调节的细胞发出信号。在这篇评论中，我们展示了最新方法的示例，并讨论了它们进一步发展的想法。