ABSTRACT

This article examines construction techniques of earthen vernacular architecture, with a particular focus on traditional construction processes of mud brick vaults and domes in contemporary Iran. The village of Esfahak, in South Khurasan, is selected as a case study due to its unique historical circumstances, traditional buildings and construction methods, and recent restoration activities carried out by villagers. The village was damaged by an earthquake in 1978 and abandoned for 30 years until a group of Esfahakis decided to restore their ruined earthen houses. This marked the start of an intergenerational exchange that allowed young villagers to train alongside old masters in a process of rediscovery of long-time abandoned construction techniques. The old village has been reconnected to the lives of current residents, while the reconstructed buildings continue to bear witness to the millennial knowledge and skills of erecting vaults and domes from the plateau’s arid soil. This article is based on fieldwork research on building sites and interviews with craftsmen in Esfahak, combined with a review of existing literature on traditional and historical construction techniques in the Persian world.

摘要

本文考察土土乡土建筑的施工技术，特别关注当代伊朗泥砖拱顶和圆顶的传统施工工艺。南呼罗珊的 Esfahak 村因其独特的历史环境、传统的建筑和施工方法以及村民最近进行的修复活动而被选为案例研究。该村庄在 1978 年的地震中遭到破坏，并被遗弃了 30 年，直到一群 Esfahakis 决定修复他们被毁坏的土房子。这标志着代际交流的开始，允许年轻的村民与老师傅一起训练，重新发现长期废弃的建筑技术。旧村落与现在居民的生活重新连接起来，而重建后的建筑继续见证千年来在高原干旱土壤上建造拱顶和圆顶的知识和技能。本文基于对建筑工地的实地调查和对伊斯法哈克工匠的采访，并结合对波斯世界传统和历史建筑技术的现有文献的回顾。