Eight compounds (1–8) including one novel nitrophenyl glycoside, ginkgonitroside (1) were isolated from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba, a popular medicinal plant. The structure of the new compound was characterized using extensive spectroscopic analyses via 1D and 2D NMR data interpretations, HR-ESIMS, and chemical transformation. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to report the presence of nitrophenyl glycosides, which are relatively unique phytochemicals in natural products, in G. biloba. The isolated compounds (1–8) were examined for their effects on the regulation of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation. Compounds 1–3 and 8 were able to suppress MSC differentiation toward adipocytes. In contrast, compounds 5 and 8 showed activity promoting osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. These findings demonstrate that the active compounds showed regulatory activity on MSC differentiation between adipocytes and osteocytes.

从广受欢迎的药用植物银杏叶中分离出八种化合物 ( 1-8 )，包括一种新型硝基苯基苷，银杏硝基苷 ( 1 ) 。通过 1D 和 2D NMR 数据解释、HR-ESIMS 和化学转化，使用广泛的光谱分析来表征新化合物的结构。据我们所知，本研究首次报道了在银杏中存在硝基苯基糖苷，这是天然产物中相对独特的植物化学物质。检查分离的化合物 ( 1-8 ) 对调节间充质干细胞 (MSC) 分化的影响。化合物1-3和8能够抑制MSC向脂肪细胞的分化。相比之下，化合物5和8显示出促进 MSC 成骨分化的活性。这些发现表明，活性化合物对脂肪细胞和骨细胞之间的 MSC 分化显示出调节活性。