The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, which started in late 2019, drove the scientific community to conduct innovative research to contain the spread of the pandemic and to care for those already affected. Since then, the search for new drugs that are effective against the virus has been strengthened. Featuring a relatively low cost of production under well-defined methods of cultivation, fungi have been providing a diversity of antiviral metabolites with unprecedented chemical structures. In this review, we present viral RNA infections highlighting SARS-CoV-2 morphogenesis and the infectious cycle, the targets of known antiviral drugs, and current developments in this area such as drug repurposing. We also explored the metabolic adaptability of fungi during fermentation to produce metabolites active against RNA viruses, along with their chemical structures, and mechanisms of action. Finally, the state of the art of research on SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors of fungal origin is reported, highlighting the metabolites selected by docking studies.

2019 年底开始的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 爆发，促使科学界开展创新研究，以遏制大流行的蔓延并照顾那些已经受到影响的人。此后，针对该病毒有效的新药的寻找得到加强。真菌在明确的培养方法下生产成本相对较低，能够提供多种具有前所未有的化学结构的抗病毒代谢物。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了病毒 RNA 感染，重点介绍了 SARS-CoV-2 的形态发生和感染周期、已知抗病毒药物的靶标以及该领域的当前进展（例如药物再利用）。我们还探索了真菌在发酵过程中的代谢适应性，以产生对 RNA 病毒具有活性的代谢物，以及它们的化学结构和作用机制。最后，报告了真菌来源的 SARS-CoV-2 抑制剂的最新研究进展，重点介绍了通过对接研究选择的代谢物。