In recent years, there has been an increased incidence in several of the most common reproductive disorders, including hypospadias and cryptorchidism in newborns, and testicular cancer and lower sperm quality in young adult males. In addition, the timing of puberty has also changed over time. Although the cause of these reproductive effects is a matter of intense debate, a link with the presence of ubiquitous compounds in the environment, or the exposure to specific groups of medications during foetal life, has been suggested. Results from epidemiological and experimental studies, as well as clinical observations in humans indicate that endocrine-disrupting chemicals may be associated with those disorders. In this review, we will summarize the results of epidemiological studies and experimental studies utilising human testicular cells or tissue. Due to increasing public interest and the recently published data, the main focus will be on the effects of prenatal exposure to mild analgesics.

近年来，几种最常见的生殖疾病的发病率有所增加，包括新生儿尿道下裂和隐睾，以及年轻成年男性的睾丸癌和精子质量较低。此外，青春期的时间也随着时间的推移而发生变化。尽管这些生殖影响的原因存在激烈争论，但有人认为与环境中普遍存在的化合物或胎儿时期接触特定药物组有关。流行病学和实验研究的结果以及人类临床观察表明，内分泌干扰化学物质可能与这些疾病有关。在这篇综述中，我们将总结利用人类睾丸细胞或组织的流行病学研究和实验研究的结果。由于公众兴趣的增加和最近公布的数据，主要关注点将放在产前接触温和镇痛药的影响上。