Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a severe public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) with harmful effects on the physical, psychological, and socioeconomic wellbeing of survivors and their families. In SSA, IPV is associated with mental health disorders, high-risk behaviors, and HIV vulnerability, especially among women. In Uganda, poor socioeconomic status increases women’s vulnerability to IPV. Yet there is limited evidence on the association between socioeconomic factors and IPV severity in Uganda. Our study used population-based data to (a) establish different patterns describing the severity of IPV experiences, (b) explore associations between socioeconomic factors and severity of IPV experiences among Ugandan ever-married women, and (c) examine direct and indirect pathways from socioeconomic factors to severity of IPV experiences. Data were drawn from the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey’s sample of 7,536 ever-married women aged 15–49 years. A latent class analysis examined distinct patterns of IPV severity among this sample, yielding a four-class solution: low violence (n = 5,059; 67.1%); high physical violence, low sexual violence (n = 1,501; 19.9%); high sexual violence, moderate physical violence (n = 535; 7.1%); and high sexual and severe physical violence (n = 441; 5.9%). Using the low violence group as the reference category, we conducted a multinomial logistic regression that found significant associations between secondary education (aOR 2.35, 95% CI: [1.06, 5.24]), poorest on the wealth index (aOR 2.00, 95% CI: [1.13, 3.54]), and severe IPV experiences. Decision-making (aOR 0.81, 95% CI: [0.68, 0.96]) played a protective role against membership in the high sexual and physical violence class compared to the reference category. Using path analysis, we found that labor force participation partially mediated the path from wealth index and education to IPV severity. Findings indicate the need for interventions that aim to keep girls in school and target schools, communities, and media platforms to address gender norms, economic vulnerability, and comprehensive screening for multiple forms of violence.

亲密伴侣暴力 (IPV) 是撒哈拉以南非洲 (SSA) 的严重公共卫生问题，对幸存者及其家人的身体、心理和社会经济福祉产生有害影响。在 SSA 中，IPV 与精神健康障碍、高危行为和 HIV 易感性有关，尤其是在女性中。在乌干达，较差的社会经济地位增加了妇女对 IPV 的脆弱性。然而，关于乌干达社会经济因素与 IPV 严重程度之间关联的证据有限。我们的研究使用基于人群的数据来 (a) 建立描述 IPV 经历严重程度的不同模式，(b) 探索社会经济因素与乌干达已婚妇女 IPV 经历严重程度之间的关联，以及 (c) 检查直接和间接途径从社会经济因素到 IPV 经历的严重程度。数据来自 2016 年乌干达人口与健康调查对 7,536 名 15-49 岁已婚女性的样本。潜在类别分析检查了该样本中 IPV 严重程度的不同模式，产生了四类解决方案：低暴力（n = 5,059；67.1%)；身体暴力程度高，性暴力程度低（n = 1,501；19.9%）；高度性暴力，中度身体暴力（n = 535；7.1%）；性暴力和严重的身体暴力（n = 441；5.9%）。使用低暴力组作为参考类别，我们进行了多项逻辑回归，发现中等教育 (a OR 2.35, 95% CI: [1.06, 5.24]) 与财富指数最差 (a OR 2.00, 95 % CI：[1.13, 3.54]) 和严重的 IPV 经历。决策（一个或0.81, 95% CI: [0.68, 0.96]) 与参考类别相比，对成为高性暴力和身体暴力类别的成员起到了保护作用。使用路径分析，我们发现劳动力参与部分调节了从财富指数和教育到 IPV 严重程度的路径。调查结果表明，需要采取旨在让女童留在学校并针对学校、社区和媒体平台的干预措施，以解决性别规范、经济脆弱性和多种形式暴力的综合筛查问题。