Modes of variability in ocean wave conditions are coupled to atmospheric circulation changes due to exchange of energy and momentum at the interface. Here, we explored for the South Atlantic Ocean the relations between three main climate oscillations (El Niño–Southern Oscillation [ENSO], Southern Annular Mode [SAM], and Pacific Decadal Oscillation [PDO]), four wave parameters (significant wave height [H_s], mean wave period [T_m], and zonal [D_m,x] and meridional [D_m,y] wave direction components) and wind parameters (wind speed [WS₁₀], and zonal [u₁₀] and meridional [v₁₀] components). For this purpose, we regressed wind and wave parameters against the oscillation indices to create spatial composites of slope values, quantifying the correlation between wave parameters and indices. An EOF (empirical orthogonal function) analysis was also carried out to identify variability modes of wave parameters and to associate them to each climate index. The combining effects of ENSO and SAM were analysed by calculating H_s, T_m and wind speed anomalies for the periods in which the phases of these oscillations co-occur. We found important correlations not only with the dominant mode of variability, but also with secondary and even quaternary modes. For ENSO, negative correlations between the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) and H_s, T_m, and D_m,x in the northwest part of the South Atlantic Ocean were highlighted, with a decrease (increase) of up to 8 cm of H_s per ONI unit in El Niño (La Niña) events. We established positive correlations also between ONI and these wave parameters in subtropical regions along the western African coast during austral summer, which were intensified by negative SAM. During autumn, however, we observed La Niña positive H_s anomalies for this region, which were also intensified by negative SAM. Finally, we found new, significant correlations between South Atlantic Ocean wave climate and SAM. We determined that the PDO index has negative correlations with H_s and T_m, while directional components present stronger variability.

由于界面处的能量和动量交换，海浪条件的变化模式与大气环流变化相耦合。在这里，我们探讨了南大西洋三种主要气候振荡（厄尔尼诺-南方涛动 [ENSO]、南方环状模态 [SAM] 和太平洋年代际振荡 [PDO]）、四个波浪参数（显着波高 [PDO]）之间的关系。H _s ]、平均波浪周期 [ T _m ]、纬向 [ D _m,x ] 和经向 [ D _m,y ] 波向分量）和风参数（风速 [ WS ₁₀ ] 和纬向 [ u ₁₀ ] 和子午线 [ v ₁₀] 组件）。为此，我们根据振荡指数对风和波浪参数进行回归，以创建斜率值的空间复合，量化波浪参数和指数之间的相关性。还进行了 EOF（经验正交函数）分析以识别波浪参数的变异模式并将它们与每个气候指数相关联。ENSO 和SAM 的组合效应通过计算H _s、T _m和风速异常在这些振荡的相位共同发生的时期进行分析。我们发现重要的相关性不仅与变异的主要模式有关，而且还与次要甚至四元模式有关。对于 ENSO，海洋尼诺指数 (ONI) 和H之间的负相关_s、 T _m和D _m,x在南大西洋西北部被突出显示，在厄尔尼诺（拉尼娜）事件中每个 ONI 单位的H _s减少（增加）高达 8 厘米。我们还在南半球夏季西非海岸亚热带地区的 ONI 与这些波浪参数之间建立了正相关，负 SAM 加剧了这种相关性。然而，在秋季，我们观察到该地区的拉尼娜正H _s异常，负 SAM 也加剧了这种异常。最后，我们发现了南大西洋波浪气候和 SAM 之间新的、显着的相关性。我们确定 PDO 指数与H呈负相关_s和T _m，而方向分量表现出更强的可变性。