Genetic diversity is fundamental for biodiversity, providing an adaptive potential to environmental fluctuations and population stability. This empirical evidence was obtained by comparing the genetic diversity among multiple populations. However, it is controversial whether levels of genetic diversity are related to population stability in inter-specific comparisons, especially among common species in a local community. Additionally, previous studies showed that effective population size predicted from genetic diversity did not necessarily correlate with census population size (Nc), such as the apparent number of individuals. Identifying whether Nc can be a surrogate of genetic diversity in a community provides useful information for ecosystem managements. We investigated relationships between genome-wide genetic indices (α and β diversity, and inbreeding coefficient), number of individuals (Nc), and stability over four years in nine common plants at a local scale in Mongolian grasslands. The genetic indices of multiple species were not significantly correlated with Nc or its stability. This pattern might be attributed to species-specific identity, such as niche depth at a site, drought tolerance, and differences in stabilization mechanisms via α or β diversity related to Nc, and short-term population stability at local scales. Genetic diversity might reflect population size across a regional scale rather than a local scale to ensure stability over long terms and resilience or resistance to environmental extremes. The present study indicated that investigating the genetic diversity-stability relationship for different spatiotemporal scales can lead to understanding the sustainable management of arid grasslands.

遗传多样性是生物多样性的基础，为环境波动和种群稳定性提供了适应潜力。这一经验证据是通过比较多个种群之间的遗传多样性而获得的。然而，遗传多样性水平是否与种间比较中的种群稳定性有关，尤其是在当地社区中的常见物种之间，存在争议。此外，先前的研究表明，根据遗传多样性预测的有效种群规模不一定与人口普查种群规模 ( N c) 相关，例如表观个体数。识别是否Nc 可以替代社区中的遗传多样性，为生态系统管理提供有用的信息。我们调查了蒙古草原局部范围内九种常见植物的全基因组遗传指数（α 和β 多样性以及近交系数）、个体数量（N c）和四年内稳定性之间的关系。多个物种的遗传指标与N c 或其稳定性不显着相关。这种模式可能归因于物种特定的身份，例如一个地点的生态位深度、耐旱性以及通过与N相关的 α 或 β 多样性的稳定机制的差异c、局部尺度的短期人口稳定性。遗传多样性可能反映了区域规模而非局部规模的人口规模，以确保长期稳定性以及对极端环境的适应力或抵抗力。本研究表明，研究不同时空尺度的遗传多样性-稳定性关系，有助于了解干旱草原的可持续管理。