International trade is often presented as a game played by national states. If this is partially true, especially in the case of major countries, it is only a side of the coin. Changes in international trade patterns are therefore treated as the result of a change of technique process, taking place also due to international diffusion of technical knowledge.

In fact, the main players are multinationals, or big OEMs at the head of Global Value Chains. Trade is an integral part of their cost-minimizing strategies: this is not a process of change of technique, but rather of choice of technique – which then determines change in technique.

The objective of the present paper is to show how the structure of international trade depends not on comparative advantages, but rather on absolute advantages.

国际贸易通常表现为民族国家所玩的游戏。如果这部分属实，尤其是在大国的情况下，那只是硬币的一面。因此，国际贸易模式的变化被视为技术过程变化的结果，也是由于技术知识的国际传播而发生的。

事实上，主要参与者是跨国公司，或处于全球价值链顶端的大型原始设备制造商。贸易是他们成本最小化战略的一个组成部分：这不是技术变化的过程，而是技术选择的过程——然后决定了技术的变化。

本文的目的是展示国际贸易的结构如何不依赖于比较优势，而是依赖于绝对优势。