Ultrahigh field in vivo characterization of microstructural abnormalities in the orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala in autism,European Journal of Neuroscience

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Ultrahigh field in vivo characterization of microstructural abnormalities in the orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala in autism
European Journal of Neuroscience ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-14 , DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15420
Elda Fischi‐Gomez _{1,

2} , Guillaume Bonnier ₁ , Noreen Ward ₁ , Cristina Granziera _{1,

3,

4,

5} , Nouchine Hadjikhani _{1,

6}

Affiliation

There are currently no biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This neurodevelopmental condition has previously been associated with histopathological findings, including increased neuronal packing density in the amygdala, abnormal laminar cytoarchitecture and increased average neuronal density in the prefrontal cortex. The present study examined whether new brain imaging technologies could reveal in vivo, in adults with ASD, the manifestation of previously described histopathological changes. Using quantitative mapping at ultrahigh field (7 Tesla), we show that we can observe microstructural alterations in the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex and the bilateral amygdala in adult individuals with ASD in vivo. These imaging alterations point to an abnormal laminar cytoarchitecture and to an increased neuronal density, similar to what has been previously described in post-mortem data in ASD. Our data demonstrate that it is possible to visualize, in vivo and at the individual level, alterations of cortical and subcortical microstructure in ASD. Future studies will be needed to extend these findings to a larger group of individuals and evaluate their association with symptomatology as well as their specificity among the different neurodevelopmental disorders.

中文翻译：

自闭症患者眶额皮层和杏仁核微结构异常的超高场体内表征

目前没有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的生物标志物。这种神经发育状况以前与组织病理学发现有关，包括杏仁核中神经元堆积密度增加、层状细胞结构异常和前额叶皮层中平均神经元密度增加。本研究检查了新的脑成像技术是否可以在 ASD 成人体内揭示先前描述的组织病理学变化的表现。使用超高场（7 特斯拉）的定量测绘，我们表明我们可以在体内观察到 ASD 成年个体右侧眶额皮质和双侧杏仁核的微观结构改变。这些影像学改变表明异常的层状细胞结构和增加的神经元密度，类似于先前在 ASD 的验尸数据中描述的内容。我们的数据表明，可以在体内和个体水平上可视化 ASD 中皮层和皮层下微结构的改变。未来的研究将需要将这些发现扩展到更大的个体群体，并评估它们与症状的关联以及它们在不同神经发育障碍中的特异性。

更新日期：2021-09-21

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