Early socioeconomic status (SES) has consistently been associated with child health and cognitive outcomes, in addition to alterations in brain function and connectivity. The goal of the present study was to probe the effects of different facets of SES (parent education, income, and neighborhood disadvantage), that likely represent varying aspects of the environment, on resting state functional connectivity (rsFC). We investigated this question in a large sample of 9475 children (aged 9–10 years) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Specifically, we analyzed the association between household SES (parent education, income-to-needs ratio) and neighborhood disadvantage, and system-level rsFC using within-sample split-half replication. We then tested whether the associations were unique to each SES measure, and whether household SES and neighborhood disadvantage had interactive effects on rsFC. SES measures had both common and distinct effects on rsFC, with sensory-motor systems (e.g., sensorimotor network) and cognitive networks (e.g., front-parietal network) particularly implicated. Further, the association between neighborhood disadvantage and sensorimotor network connectivity was less pronounced in the presence of high income-to-needs. Findings demonstrate that different facets of SES have distinct and interacting effects on rsFC, highlighting the importance of considering different indicators when studying the effects of SES on the brain.

除了大脑功能和连通性的改变之外，早期社会经济地位 (SES) 一直与儿童的健康和认知结果相关。本研究的目标是探讨 SES 的不同方面（父母教育、收入和邻里劣势）对静息状态功能连接 (rsFC) 的影响，这些方面可能代表环境的不同方面。我们在来自青少年大脑认知发展 (ABCD) 研究的 9475 名儿童（9-10 岁）的大样本中调查了这个问题。具体而言，我们使用样本内分半复制分析了家庭 SES（父母教育、收入与需求比率）与邻里劣势以及系统级 rsFC 之间的关联。然后我们测试了每个 SES 测量的关联是否是唯一的，家庭社会经济地位和邻里劣势是否对 rsFC 有交互作用。SES 措施对 rsFC 具有共同和独特的影响，尤其涉及感觉运动系统（例如感觉运动网络）和认知网络（例如前顶叶网络）。此外，在存在高收入需求的情况下，邻里劣势与感觉运动网络连接之间的关联不那么明显。研究结果表明，SES 的不同方面对 rsFC 具有不同且相互作用的影响，突出了在研究 SES 对大脑的影响时考虑不同指标的重要性。g., 前顶叶网络）特别牵连。此外，在存在高收入需求的情况下，邻里劣势与感觉运动网络连接之间的关联不那么明显。研究结果表明，SES 的不同方面对 rsFC 具有不同且相互作用的影响，突出了在研究 SES 对大脑的影响时考虑不同指标的重要性。g., 前顶叶网络）特别牵连。此外，在存在高收入需求的情况下，邻里劣势与感觉运动网络连接之间的关联不那么明显。研究结果表明，SES 的不同方面对 rsFC 具有不同且相互作用的影响，突出了在研究 SES 对大脑的影响时考虑不同指标的重要性。