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Host manipulation by bacterial type III and type IV secretion system effector proteases
Cellular Microbiology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-14 , DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13384
Flávia Viana 1 , Shruthi Sachidanandan Peringathara 1 , Arshad Rizvi 1 , Gunnar N Schroeder 1
Affiliation  

Proteases are powerful enzymes, which cleave peptide bonds, leading most of the time to irreversible fragmentation or degradation of their substrates. Therefore they control many critical cell fate decisions in eukaryotes. Bacterial pathogens exploit this power and deliver protease effectors through specialised secretion systems into host cells. Research over the past years revealed that the functions of protease effectors during infection are diverse, reflecting the lifestyles and adaptations to specific hosts; however, only a small number of peptidase families seem to have given rise to most of these protease virulence factors by the evolution of different substrate-binding specificities, intracellular activation and subcellular targeting mechanisms. Here, we review our current knowledge about the enzymology and function of protease effectors, which Gram-negative bacterial pathogens translocate via type III and IV secretion systems to irreversibly manipulate host processes. We highlight emerging concepts such as signalling by protease cleavage products and effector-triggered immunity, which host cells employ to detect and defend themselves against a protease attack.

中文翻译:

细菌 III 型和 IV 型分泌系统效应蛋白酶对宿主的操作

蛋白酶是强大的酶,可切割肽键,导致其底物的不可逆片段化或降解。因此,它们控制真核生物中许多关键的细胞命运决定。细菌病原体利用这种能力并通过专门的分泌系统将蛋白酶效应物传递到宿主细胞中。过去几年的研究表明,蛋白酶效应器在感染过程中的功能是多种多样的,反映了生活方式和对特定宿主的适应;然而,似乎只有少数肽酶家族通过不同底物结合特异性、细胞内激活和亚细胞靶向机制的演变产生了大多数这些蛋白酶毒力因子。在这里,我们回顾了我们目前关于蛋白酶效应物的酶学和功能的知识,其中革兰氏阴性细菌病原体通过 III 型和 IV 型分泌系统易位以不可逆地操纵宿主过程。我们强调新兴概念,例如通过蛋白酶切割产物发出信号和效应物触发的免疫,宿主细胞用来检测和防御蛋白酶攻击。
更新日期:2021-10-14
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