1. Frugivorous fish provide often conflicting ecosystem services of seed dispersal and food provisioning in tropical rivers. Fishing may reduce the size and abundance of frugivorous fish, thus affecting their potential as seed dispersers, which could affect the conservation of these fish and of floodplain forests.
2. The goal of this study was to assess the influence of co-managed protected areas in the form of extractive reserves (RESEX) and small-scale fisheries on frugivorous fish in the Tapajós and Negro rivers, in the Brazilian Amazon. The study examined whether: (i) frugivorous fish are important for fisheries and selectively caught; and (ii) frugivorous fish abundance, size and fisheries catch per unit of effort are higher inside the RESEX than outside.
3. The analyses included fisheries-dependent data (3,753 fish landings) and independent data (12,730 sampled fish) collected in 16 fishing communities (eight for each river). In both rivers, frugivorous fish are among the 10 species caught the most and frugivorous biomass was proportionately higher in landings than in samplings, indicating fisheries selectivity towards these fishes.
4. In both rivers, catches of frugivorous fish were higher outside the RESEX than inside. Catch per unit effort and the proportion of frugivores in the catch were higher outside the RESEX in the Tapajós River but did not vary between sites inside and outside the RESEX in the Negro River. Frugivorous fish were larger inside the RESEX in the Negro, but smaller inside the RESEX in the Tapajós.
5. The results indicated that the ecosystem services of seed dispersal and food source provided by frugivorous fish are not in conflict in the tropical rivers studied. Therefore, these clearwater and blackwater rivers in the Brazilian Amazon show a balance between fisheries and conservation of frugivorous fish, which play an essential role in the functioning of tropical floodplain forest ecosystems.

中文翻译：

---

热带河流中的保护区和食果鱼类：小规模渔业、保护和生态系统服务

1. 食果鱼类在热带河流中提供种子传播和食物供应的生态系统服务，这些服务通常相互冲突。捕鱼可能会减少食果鱼类的体型和数量，从而影响它们作为种子传播者的潜力，进而影响这些鱼类和洪泛区森林的保护。
2. 本研究的目的是评估以采掘保护区 (RESEX) 和小型渔业形式共同管理的保护区对巴西亚马逊地区 Tapajós 河和 Negro 河中食果鱼类的影响。该研究审查了：(i) 食果鱼是否对渔业很重要并有选择地捕获；(ii) RESEX 内部的食果鱼丰度、大小和每单位努力的渔业捕捞量高于外部。
3. 分析包括在 16 个渔业社区（每条河流 8 个）收集的渔业相关数据（3,753 条鱼上岸）和独立数据（12,730 条采样鱼）。在这两条河流中，食果鱼是捕获最多的 10 个物种之一，上岸量的食果生物量比例高于采样，表明渔业对这些鱼类的选择性。
4. 在两条河流中，RESEX 外部的食果鱼捕获量高于内部。在塔帕若斯河的 RESEX 之外，单位努力的渔获量和捕捞中食果动物的比例较高，但在内格罗河的 RESEX 内外站点之间没有变化。食果鱼在 Negro 的 RESEX 内较大，但在 Tapajós 的 RESEX 内较小。
5. 结果表明，在所研究的热带河流中，食果鱼类提供的种子传播和食物来源的生态系统服务并不冲突。因此，巴西亚马逊河流域的这些清水河和黑水河在渔业和食果鱼保护之间取得了平衡，它们在热带漫滩森林生态系统的功能中发挥着至关重要的作用。