In three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, errors during the printing process leads to lower structural fidelity, and the desired structural and functional performances cannot be fully satisfied. Process monitoring with high-speed imaging techniques is helpful for identifying material deposition errors. 3D reconstruction of printed objects enables comprehensive evaluation of structural characteristics, with wide-field full-depth imaging being necessary for large objects. In this study, we demonstrate 3D extrusion-based bioprinter-associated optical coherence tomography (3D P-OCT) to achieve high-speed, wide-field and full-depth imaging, and provide in situ process monitoring and comprehensive evaluation for 3D bioprinting. In 3D P-OCT, a wide field was achieved with a lateral image mosaic using the simplified iterative closest point algorithm, and the extension of imaging depth was achieved with a longitudinal image mosaic using image fusion based on maximum intensity values. During the printing process, 3D P-OCT enables real-time multi-parameter quantification for intelligent feedback. In conclusion, with in situ process monitoring and evaluation, 3D P-OCT contributes to ensure better structural and functional performances of 3D functional tissue constructs.

在三维（3D）生物打印中，打印过程中的错误导致结构保真度较低，无法完全满足所需的结构和功能性能。使用高速成像技术进行过程监控有助于识别材料沉积错误。打印对象的 3D 重建可以对结构特征进行综合评估，对于大对象需要宽视场全深度成像。在本研究中，我们展示了基于 3D 挤出的生物打印机相关光学相干断层扫描 (3D P-OCT) 以实现高速、宽视野和全深度成像，并为 3D 生物打印提供原位过程监控和综合评估。在 3D P-OCT 中，使用简化的迭代最近点算法通过横向图像拼接实现了宽视野，并且使用基于最大强度值的图像融合通过纵向图像拼接实现了成像深度的扩展。在打印过程中，3D P-OCT 可实现实时多参数量化以实现智能反馈。总之，通过原位过程监控和评估，3D P-OCT 有助于确保 3D 功能性组织结构具有更好的结构和功能性能。