Soybean is one of the most important oilseed and fodder crops. Benefiting from the efforts of soybean breeders and the development of breeding technology, large number of germplasm has been generated over the last 100 years. Nevertheless, soybean breeding needs to be accelerated to meet the needs of a growing world population, to promote sustainable agriculture and to address future environmental changes. The acceleration is highly reliant on the discoveries in gene functional studies. The release of the reference soybean genome in 2010 has significantly facilitated the advance in soybean functional genomics. Here, we review the research progress in soybean omics (genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics and proteomics), germplasm development (germplasm resources and databases), gene discovery (genes that are responsible for important soybean traits including yield, flowering and maturity, seed quality, stress resistance, nodulation and domestication) and transformation technology during the past decade. At the end, we also briefly discuss current challenges and future directions.

中文翻译：

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大豆功能基因组学十年来的进展


大豆是最重要的油籽和饲料作物之一。近100年来，得益于大豆育种家的努力和育种技术的发展，产生了大量的种质资源。尽管如此，大豆育种仍需加速，以满足不断增长的世界人口的需求，促进可持续农业并应对未来的环境变化。这种加速高度依赖于基因功能研究的发现。 2010年大豆参考基因组的发布极大地促进了大豆功能基因组学的进步。本文综述了大豆组学（基因组学、转录组学、表观基因组学和蛋白质组学）、种质开发（种质资源和数据库）、基因发现（决定大豆重要性状的基因，包括产量、开花和成熟度、种子品质、过去十年的抗逆性、结瘤和驯化）和转化技术。最后，我们还简要讨论了当前的挑战和未来的方向。