The Newtonian gravitational constant G has proved to be one of the most difficult constants to measure in physics. The improvement of measuring G with the atomic interferometry method is significantly limited by the positioning accuracy of the atom clouds and source masses, and the measurement accuracy of the atomic velocity. In this article, we propose an idea for designing the source masses to determine G with atom interferometry, in which a nearly uniform gravitational field in the motion region of the atom clouds is constructed. This design can greatly reduce the influence of the uncertainty of the atomic initial position and velocity on the precision of G measurement, since these atomic initial conditions affect the interferometer phase shift by coupling themselves with the gravitational gradient. Finally, we present a scheme for measuring G with a relative standard uncertainty of 27 parts per million.

牛顿万有引力常数G已被证明是物理学中最难测量的常数之一。用原子干涉法测量G的改进明显受限于原子云和源质量的定位精度以及原子速度的测量精度。在本文中，我们提出了一种设计源质量的想法，以通过原子干涉测量法确定G，其中在原子云​​的运动区域中构建了一个几乎均匀的引力场。这种设计可以大大降低原子初始位置和速度的不确定性对G精度的影响测量，因为这些原子初始条件通过与引力梯度耦合来影响干涉仪相移。最后，我们提出了一种测量G的方案，相对标准不确定度为百万分之 27。