The thermodynamic properties of electron gas under the extreme conditions of high temperature, high matter density, and/or a strong magnetic field largely determine the behavior of matter in upper layers of neutron stars and accretion columns of magnetized neutron stars in binary systems. A strong magnetic field in these objects makes the motion of electrons across the field essentially quantum. The possible electron degeneracy and relativism of electrons are also important. When studying accretion onto a magnetar in a binary system, the intensive generation of electron–positron pairs in the quantizing magnetic field should also be taken into account. We consider in detail the thermodynamic properties of a gas of free electrons in strong magnetic fields, taking into account their relativism and degeneracy, as well as the equilibrium creation of electron–positron pairs in a high-temperature plasma in the presence of a quantizing magnetic field.

电子气在高温、高物质密度和/或强磁场等极端条件下的热力学性质在很大程度上决定了双星系统中子星上层和磁化中子星吸积柱中物质的行为。这些物体中的强磁场使电子在磁场中的运动本质上是量子的。电子可能的电子简并性和相对论也很重要。在研究双星系统中磁星的吸积时，还应考虑到量化磁场中电子-正电子对的密集产生。我们详细考虑了强磁场中自由电子气体的热力学性质，同时考虑了它们的相对性和简并性，