Over the last decade, acoustic methods, including acoustic emission (AE) and ultrasonic testing (UT), have been increasingly deployed for process diagnostics and health monitoring of electrochemical power devices, including batteries, fuel cells, and water electrolysers. These techniques are non-invasive, highly sensitive, and low-cost, providing a high level of spatial and temporal resolution and practicality. Their application in electrochemical devices is based on identifying changes in acoustic signals emitted from or propagated through materials as a result of physical, structural, and electrochemical changes within the material. These changes in acoustic signals are then correlated to critical processes and the health status of these devices. This review summarises progress in the use of acoustic methods for the process and health monitoring of major electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices. First, the fundamental principles of AE and UT are introduced, and then the application of these acoustic techniques to electrochemical power devices are discussed. Conclusions and perspectives on some of the key challenges and potential commercial and academic applications of the devices are highlighted. It is expected that, with further developments, acoustic techniques will form a key part of the suite of diagnostic techniques routinely used to monitor electrochemical devices across various processes, including fabrication, post-mortem examination and recycle decision support to aid the deployment of these devices in increasingly demanding applications.

在过去十年中，包括声发射 (AE) 和超声波测试 (UT) 在内的声学方法越来越多地用于电化学功率设备（包括电池、燃料电池和水电解器）的过程诊断和健康监测。这些技术是非侵入性的、高度敏感的和低成本的，提供了高水平的空间和时间分辨率和实用性。它们在电化学装置中的应用基于识别由于材料内的物理、结构和电化学变化而从材料发出或通过材料传播的声信号的变化。这些声音信号的变化然后与这些设备的关键过程和健康状态相关联。本综述总结了使用声学方法对主要电化学能量转换和存储设备进行过程和健康监测的进展。首先介绍了AE和UT的基本原理，然后讨论了这些声学技术在电化学功率器件中的应用。强调了有关设备的一些关键挑战和潜在的商业和学术应用的结论和观点。预计随着进一步的发展，声学技术将成为一套诊断技术的关键部分，这些技术通常用于监测各种过程中的电化学设备，包括制造、验尸检查和回收决策支持，以帮助部署这些设备在要求越来越高的应用中。