CaCO₃ particles, due to their unique properties such as biodegradation, pH-sensitivity, and porous surface, have been widely used as carrier materials for delivering drugs, genes, vaccines, and other bioactive molecules. In these applications, CaCO₃ particles are often administered intravenously. In this sense, the interaction between CaCO₃ particles and blood components plays a key role in their delivery efficacy and biosafety, though the hemocompatibility of CaCO₃ particles has not been evaluated until now. Deficiency in the biosafety information has delayed the clinical use of CaCO₃ particles in delivery systems. In this work, we investigated the biosafety of CaCO₃ particles, focusing on their in vitro and in vivo effects on key blood components (red blood cells, platelets, etc) and coagulation functions. We found in vitro that high concentrations of CaCO₃ particles can cause the aggregation and hemolysis of red blood cells, with platelet activation and coagulation prolongation. In vivo, we found that intravenously injected CaCO₃ particles at 50 mg kg⁻¹ significantly disturbed the red blood cells, and platelet-related blood routine indexes, but did not induce visible abnormalities in the tissue structures of the key organs. Overall, these effects may be due to the enormous adsorption capability of the porous surface of CaCO₃ particles. 0.1 mg ml⁻¹ of the CaCO₃ particles exhibit excellent compatibility for their practical applications. These results would be expected to greatly promote the in vivo applications and clinical use of CaCO₃ particles in biomedicine.

CaCO ₃颗粒由于其独特的特性，如生物降解性、pH敏感性和多孔表面，已被广泛用作递送药物、基因、疫苗和其他生物活性分子的载体材料。在这些应用中，CaCO ₃颗粒通常通过静脉内给药。_{从这个意义上说，CaCO 3}颗粒与血液成分之间的相互作用对其输送效率和生物安全性起着关键作用，尽管到目前为止尚未评估CaCO _{3颗粒的血液相容性。}生物安全信息的缺乏延迟了 CaCO ₃颗粒在递送系统中的临床应用。在这项工作中，我们研究了 CaCO _{3的生物安全性。}颗粒，重点关注它们对关键血液成分（红细胞、血小板等）和凝血功能的体外和体内影响。我们在体外发现高浓度的CaCO ₃颗粒会引起红细胞的聚集和溶血，血小板活化和凝血时间延长。在体内，我们发现静脉注射 CaCO ₃颗粒 50 mg kg ^-1显着扰乱红细胞和血小板相关血常规指标，但未引起关键器官组织结构明显异常。总的来说，这些影响可能是由于CaCO ₃颗粒多孔表面的巨大吸附能力。0.1 mg ml ^-1的CaCO ₃颗粒对其实际应用表现出优异的相容性。预计这些结果将极大地促进CaCO ₃颗粒在生物医学中的体内应用和临床应用。