The response of Michelson interferometers to weak plane gravitational waves is computed at one order of accuracy beyond the eikonal equation. The modulation of the electromagnetic field amplitude and polarisation are taken into account by solving the transport equations of geometrical optics with boundary conditions adapted to laser interferometry. Considering both DC and balanced homodyne readout schemes, explicit formulae for the interferometer output signals are derived. These signals comprise perturbations of the optical path length, frequency and amplitude, and are shown to be insensitive to polarisation perturbations.

中文翻译：

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激光干涉引力波探测器的超标方程响应

迈克尔逊干涉仪对弱平面引力波的响应计算精度比 eikonal 方程高一个数量级。通过求解具有适用于激光干涉测量的边界条件的几何光学传输方程，考虑了电磁场幅度和偏振的调制。考虑直流和平衡零差读出方案，推导出干涉仪输出信号的明确公式。这些信号包括光路长度、频率和幅度的扰动，并且显示出对偏振扰动不敏感。