Considering a charged black hole (BH) surrounded by a perfect fluid radiation field (PFRF) in Rastall gravity, we investigate this BH shadow and photon sphere on different spherical accretions backgrounds. The effect of the PFRF parameter/BH charge on the critical impact parameter is studied by investigating the light deflection near this BH. The luminosity of these BH shadows in different spherical accretions is obtained, respectively. It is found that the shadow of this BH with infalling spherical accretion is darker than static spherical accretion, and the photon sphere with infalling spherical accretion is brighter than a static one. We creatively investigate the effects of the BH charge/PFRF parameter on the luminosity of BH shadow and photon sphere. The results implying that the BH shadow is a signature of space-time geometry, and the photon sphere luminosity is affected by accretion materials and BH itself.

考虑到在 Rastall 引力中被完美流体辐射场 (PFRF) 包围的带电黑洞 (BH)，我们在不同的球形吸积物背景上研究了这个 BH 阴影和光子球。通过研究该 BH 附近的光偏转，研究了 PFRF 参数/BH 电荷对临界冲击参数的影响。分别获得了这些 BH 阴影在不同球形吸积物中的亮度。发现这个有球状吸积下降的BH的阴影比静态球状吸积更暗，有球状吸积下降的光子球比静态的更亮。我们创造性地研究了 BH 电荷/PFRF 参数对 BH 阴影和光子球光度的影响。结果暗示 BH 阴影是时空几何的特征，