OGLE-2018-BLG-1185b: A Low-mass Microlensing Planet Orbiting a Low-mass Dwarf,The Astronomical Journal

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OGLE-2018-BLG-1185b: A Low-mass Microlensing Planet Orbiting a Low-mass Dwarf
The Astronomical Journal ( IF 5.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-29 , DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/ac00ba
Iona Kondo ₁ , Jennifer C. Yee ₂ , David P. Bennett _{3,

4} , Takahiro Sumi ₁ , Naoki Koshimoto ₅ , Ian A. Bond ₆ , Andrew Gould _{7,

8} , Andrzej Udalski ₉ , Yossi Shvartzvald ₁₀ , Youn Kil Jung _{11,

12} , Weicheng Zang ₁₃ , Valerio Bozza _{14,

15} , Etienne Bachelet ₁₆ , Markus P. G. Hundertmark ₁₇ , Nicholas J. Rattenbury ₁₈ , F. Abe ₁₉ , R. Barry ₃ , A. Bhattacharya _{3,

4} , M. Donachie ₁₈ , A. Fukui _{20,

21} , H. Fujii ₁₉ , Y. Hirao ₁ , S. Ishitani Silva _{3,

22} , Y. Itow ₁₉ , R. Kirikawa ₁ , M. C. A. Li ₁₈ , Y. Matsubara ₁₉ , S. Miyazaki ₁ , Y. Muraki ₁₉ , G. Olmschenk ₃ , C. Ranc ₂₃ , Y. Satoh ₁ , H. Shoji ₁ , D. Suzuki ₁ , Y. Tanaka ₁ , P. J. Tristram ₂₄ , T. Yamawaki ₁ , A. Yonehara ₂₅ , P. Mrz ₂₆ , R. Poleski ₉ , J. Skowron ₉ , M. K. Szymański ₉ , I. Soszyński ₉ , S. Kozłowski ₉ , P. Pietrukowicz ₉ , K. Ulaczyk _{9,

27} , K. A. Rybicki ₉ , P. Iwanek ₉ , M. Wrona ₉ , M. D. Albrow ₂₈ , S.-J. Chung _{11,

12} , C. Han ₂₉ , K.-H. Hwang ₁₁ , H.-W. Kim ₁₁ , I.-G. Shin ₁₁ , S.-M. Cha _{11,

30} , D.-J. Kim ₁₁ , S.-L. Kim _{11,

12} , C.-U. Lee ₁₁ , D.-J. Lee ₁₁ , Y. Lee _{11,

30} , B.-G. Park _{11,

12} , R. W. Pogge ₈ , Y.-H. Ryu ₁₁ , C. A. Beichman ₃₁ , G. Bryden ₃₂ , S. Calchi Novati ₃₁ , S. Carey ₃₁ , B. S. Gaudi ₈ , C. B. Henderson ₃₁ , W. Zhu ₃₃ , D. Maoz ₃₄ , M. T. Penny ₃₅ , M. Dominik ₃₆ , U. G. Jrgensen ₃₇ , P. Longa-Pea ₃₈ , N. Peixinho ₃₉ , S. Sajadian ₄₀ , J. Skottfelt ₄₁ , C. Snodgrass ₄₂ , J. Tregloan-Reed ₄₃ , M. J. Burgdorf ₄₄ , J. Campbell-White ₄₅ , S. Dib _{7,

37} , Y. I. Fujii _{37,

46,

47,

48,

49} , T. C. Hinse _{50,

51} , E. Khalouei ₅₂ , S. Rahvar ₅₂ , M. Rabus _{53,

54} , J. Southworth ₅₅ , Y. Tsapras ₅₆ , R. A. Street ₅₆ , D. M. Bramich _{57,

58,

59} , A. Cassan ₆₀ , K. Horne ₆₁ , J. Wambsganss ₅₆ , S. Mao ₆₂ , A. Saha ₆₃

Affiliation

Department of Earth and Space Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Code 667, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0745, New Zealand
Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Knigstuhl 17, D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany
Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Warsaw University Observatory, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejon 34055, Republic of Korea
University of Science and Technology, Korea, (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello,” Universit di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084, Fisciano, Italy
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
Las Cumbres Observatory, 6740 Cortona Dr., Ste. 102, 93117 Goleta, CA, USA
Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum fr Astronomie der Universitt Heidelberg (ZAH), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
Instituto de Astrofsica de Canarias, Va Lctea s/n, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Department of Physics, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
Sorbonne Universit, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis bd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France
University of Canterbury Mt. John Observatory, P.O. Box 56, Lake Tekapo 8770, New Zealand
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto Sangyo University, 603-8555 Kyoto, Japan
Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
University of Canterbury, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand
Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
School of Space Research, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Kyeonggi 17104, Republic of Korea
Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, Mail Code 100-22, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada
School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
Department of Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803-4001, USA
University of St. Andrews, Centre for Exoplanet Science, SUPA School of Physics & Astronomy, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
Centre for ExoLife Sciences, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, ster Voldgade 5, DK-1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
Centro de Astronoma (CITEVA), Universidad de Antofagasta, Avda. U. de Antofagasta 02800, Antofagasta, Chile
Instituto de Astrofsica e Cincias do Espao, Universidade de Coimbra, PT3040-004 Coimbra, Portugal
Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
Centre for Electronic Imaging, Department of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
Instituto de Investigacin en Astronomia y Ciencias Planetarias, Universidad de Atacama, Copiap, Atacama, Chile
Universitt Hamburg, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics, and Natural Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Meteorological Institute, Bundesstrae 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
SUPA, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Nethergate, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
Niels Bohr Institute & Centre for Star and Planet Formation, University of Copenhagen, ster Voldgade 5, DK-1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Nihonmatsu, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
Institute of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
Chungnam National University, Department of Astronomy and Space Science, 34134 Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9161, Tehran, Iran
Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope, 6740 Cortona Dr., Ste. 102, Goleta, CA 93111, USA
Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA
Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
Zentrum fr Astronomie der Universitt Heidelberg, Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Mnchhofstrae 12-14, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Center for Space Science, NYUAD Institute, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, UAE
Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, UAE
Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, UAE
Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, Sorbonne Universit, CNRS, UMR 7095, 98 bis bd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France
SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100012 Beijing, People's Republic of China
National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA

We report an analysis of the planetary microlensing event OGLE-2018-BLG-1185, which was observed by a large number of ground-based telescopes and by the Spitzer Space Telescope. The ground-based light curve indicates a low planet–host star mass ratio of q = (6.9 0.2) 10⁻⁵, which is near the peak of the wide-orbit exoplanet mass-ratio distribution. We estimate the host star and planet masses with a Bayesian analysis using the measured angular Einstein radius under the assumption that stars of all masses have an equal probability of hosting the planet. The flux variation observed by Spitzer is marginal, but still places a constraint on the microlens parallax. Imposing a conservative constraint that this flux variation should be Δf _Spz < 4 instrumental flux units yields a host mass of ${M}_{\mathrm{host}}={0.37}_{-0.21}^{+0.35}\ {M}_{\odot }$ and a planet mass of ${m}_{{\rm{p}}}={8.4}_{-4.7}^{+7.9}\ {M}_{\oplus }$ . A Bayesian analysis including the full parallax constraint from Spitzer suggests smaller host star and planet masses of ${M}_{\mathrm{host}}={0.091}_{-0.018}^{+0.064}\ {M}_{\odot }$ and ${m}_{{\rm{p}}}={2.1}_{-0.4}^{+1.5}\ {M}_{\oplus }$ , respectively. Future high-resolution imaging observations with the Hubble Space Telescope or Extremely Large Telescope could distinguish between these two scenarios and help reveal the planetary system properties in more detail.

中文翻译：

OGLE-2018-BLG-1185b：一颗围绕低质量矮星运行的低质量微透镜行星

我们报告了对由大量地面望远镜和斯皮策太空望远镜观测到的行星微透镜事件 OGLE-2018-BLG-1185 的分析。地基光变曲线表明行星-宿主恒星质量比较低，q = (6.9 0.2) 10 ^-5，接近宽轨道系外行星质量比分布的峰值。在假设所有质量的恒星拥有行星的概率相等的情况下，我们使用测量的爱因斯坦角半径通过贝叶斯分析来估计主恒星和行星的质量。Spitzer 观察到的通量变化很小，但仍然对微透镜视差施加了限制。强加一个保守的约束，这个通量变化应该是 Δ f _Spz< 4 仪器通量单位产生主机质量 ${M}_{\mathrm{host}}={0.37}_{-0.21}^{+0.35}\ {M}_{\odot }$ 和行星质量 ${m}_{{\rm{p}}}={8.4}_{-4.7}^{+7.9}\ {M}_{\oplus }$ 。包括来自斯皮策的全视差约束的贝叶斯分析表明，主恒星和行星质量分别为 ${M}_{\mathrm{host}}={0.091}_{-0.018}^{+0.064}\ {M}_{\odot }$ 和 ${m}_{{\rm{p}}}={2.1}_{-0.4}^{+1.5}\ {M}_{\oplus }$ 。未来使用哈勃太空望远镜或超大望远镜进行的高分辨率成像观测可以区分这两种情况，并有助于更详细地揭示行星系统的特性。

更新日期：2021-07-29

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