ABSTRACT

Introduction

Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection (CDI) is the most common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and one of the common infections in healthcare facilities. In recent decades, there has been an emerging threat of community-acquired CDI (CA-CDI). Environmental transmission of C. difficile in the community setting has become a major concern, and animals are an important reservoir for C. difficile causing human diseases.

Areas covered

In this article, the molecular epidemiology of C. difficile in animals and recent evidences of zoonotic transfer to humans are reviewed based on an electronic search in the databases of PubMed and Google Scholar.

Expert opinion

C. difficile can be found in stool from diarrheal dogs and cats; therefore, household pets could be a potential source. C. difficile will threaten human health because hypervirulent C. difficile ribotype 078 strains have been found in retail chickens, pig farms, and slaughterhouses. Risk factors for fecal C. difficile carriage in animals include young age, dietary changes, and antibiotic abuse in domestic animals. With the advent of whole genome sequencing techniques, there will be more solid evidence indicating zoonotic transfer of C. difficile from animals to humans.

中文翻译：

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艰难梭菌感染：一种新出现的人畜共患病？

摘要

介绍

艰难梭菌 (C. difficile)感染 (CDI) 是抗生素相关性腹泻的最常见原因，也是医疗机构中常见的感染之一。近几十年来，社区获得性 CDI (CA-CDI) 的威胁正在出现。艰难梭菌在社区环境中的环境传播已成为一个主要问题，动物是艰难梭菌引起人类疾病的重要宿主。

涵盖的领域

在本文中，基于 PubMed 和 Google Scholar 数据库中的电子搜索，回顾了动物中艰难梭菌的分子流行病学和最近人畜共患传染给人类的证据。

专家意见

C. difficile可以在腹泻的狗和猫的粪便中发现；因此，家庭宠物可能是一个潜在的来源。艰难梭菌将威胁人类健康，因为在零售鸡、养猪场和屠宰场中发现了高毒力艰难梭菌核糖型 078 菌株。动物粪便艰难梭菌携带的风险因素包括年幼、饮食变化和家畜滥用抗生素。随着全基因组测序技术的出现，将有更多确凿的证据表明艰难梭菌从动物到人类的人畜共患病转移。