The question of silicate glass chemical durability is at the heart of many industrial and environmental issues, with certain glasses, such as bioglasses, needing to transform rapidly, while others, like nuclear glasses, extremely slowly. Due to the wide diversity of the chemical composition for these types of materials and their metastability—no thermodynamic equilibrium can be reached between glass and solution—the evaluation of chemical durability remains a scientific challenge. In this article, we review the current state of knowledge on glass alteration mechanisms and kinetics, and point to some perspectives for glasses for which no direct experimental validation is currently possible. Thanks to the development of novel techniques and international collaborations, a better understanding of the mechanisms involved has been achieved. Mechanistic models have been developed at some specific scales, although holistic models still need further development to link the various scales and perform reliable predictions.

硅酸盐玻璃的化学耐久性问题是许多工业和环境问题的核心，某些玻璃（如生物玻璃）需要快速转变，而其他玻璃（如核玻璃）则极其缓慢。由于这些类型材料的化学成分多种多样，而且它们的亚稳态（玻璃和溶液之间无法达到热力学平衡），因此化学耐久性的评估仍然是一项科学挑战。在本文中，我们回顾了关于玻璃改变机制和动力学的当前知识状态，并指出了目前无法进行直接实验验证的玻璃的一些观点。由于新技术的发展和国际合作，人们对所涉及的机制有了更好的了解。