Given the conditions of scarce soil water availability, high UV exposure and huge temperature fluctuation, plant growth in desert is extremely limited. In the last three decades, reclaiming desertified land for agricultural use via the application of solar greenhouse has been developing in the arid regions, northwestern China. However, the soil microbiome shift driven by the transformation of land use remains largely unexplored. To this end, we examined the diversity and composition of the bacterial community in the vineyard soil at the edge of Tengger desert, using the high-throughput quantitative 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Two types of agricultural managed soils, including those near the plant (PLT) and the others on the fertilization furrow (FTL), were collected. Soils from the open desert land without agricultural practices were used as the control (CON). The results showed that agricultural reclamation significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the desert soil bacterial diversity while promoted the total bacterial abundance from 10⁶ copies up to 10⁸ per ng of DNA, which increased up to 90 folds. Among the dominant bacteria Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria, Bacilli and Actinobacteria were found to be the keystone taxa responding to the agricultural practices especially to the nutrient inputs from fertilization. The functional prediction of the microbiome suggested that amino acid and carbohydrate transport and metabolism were the most important metabolic pathways differed between the three types of soils. Overall, our findings provide deep insights into the understanding of desert soil microbial responses to agricultural reclamation on the processes of human urbanization and reversion of desertification.

鉴于土壤水分稀缺、紫外线照射量大和温度波动大的条件，沙漠中的植物生长极为有限。近三十年来，利用日光温室开垦荒漠化土地用于农用地开发在我国西北干旱地区得到了发展。然而，由土地利用转变驱动的土壤微生物组变化在很大程度上仍未得到探索。为此，我们利用高通量定量 16S rRNA 基因测序检测了腾格里沙漠边缘葡萄园土壤中细菌群落的多样性和组成。收集了两种类型的农业管理土壤，包括植物附近的土壤 (PLT) 和施肥沟 (FTL) 上的其他土壤。来自没有农业实践的开阔沙漠土地的土壤被用作对照（CON）。结果表明，农业开垦显着（p  < 0.05) 降低了沙漠土壤细菌多样性，同时将总细菌丰度从 10 ⁶拷贝提高到 10 ⁸每 ng DNA 增加了 90 倍。在优势细菌厚壁菌门、变形菌门、放线菌门和酸菌门中，发现杆菌和放线菌是响应农业实践尤其是施肥养分输入的关键分类群。微生物组的功能预测表明氨基酸和碳水化合物的运输和代谢是三种土壤类型之间最重要的代谢途径。总的来说，我们的研究结果为理解沙漠土壤微生物对农业开垦对人类城市化和荒漠化逆转过程的反应提供了深刻的见解。