We use individual-level data from the United States Current Population Survey to examine effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on employment losses across metropolitan area status and population size. Job losses spiked in April 2020, and partially recovered in subsequent months. Non-metropolitan and metropolitan areas of all sizes experienced significant employment losses, but the impacts were much larger in large metropolitan areas. The COVID-19 infection rate was initially higher in large metropolitan areas and this is a significant factor explaining the higher early employment losses in large metropolitan areas. However, higher job losses for large metropolitan areas persisted through summer and fall 2020 even after COVID-19 infection rates became higher in less populous areas. We find evidence of persistent effects of early COVID-19 infection rates on later employment.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 大流行对大都市地位和规模的就业影响

我们使用来自美国当前人口调查的个人数据来检查 COVID-19 大流行对大都市区状况和人口规模的就业损失的影响。失业人数在 2020 年 4 月激增，并在随后的几个月中部分恢复。各种规模的非大都市和大都市地区都经历了重大的就业损失，但大都市地区的影响要大得多。大都市地区的 COVID-19 感染率最初较高，这是解释大都市地区早期就业损失较高的一个重要因素。然而，即使在人口较少的地区 COVID-19 感染率变得更高之后，大都市地区的失业人数仍持续到 2020 年夏季和秋季。