Despite the substantive evidence on the victim-offender overlap from various national contexts, comprehensive examinations for Germany are lacking. This article provides insights into peer group-related correlates of the victim-offender overlap by specifically differentiating the roles of victims, offenders, and victim-offenders. The analysis examines risk factors for involvement in violence using a sample of 3,519 14- and 16-year-old students from a large crime study conducted in Germany. Applying multinomial logistic regression, the risk of being a victim-only, offender-only, or victim-offender is predicted by peer group characteristics such as frequency of meeting, group composition, delinquent norms, and routine activities with friends. The results show that proximity to friends and delinquent norms of peers significantly influence victimization, offending, and the victim-offender overlap. Regarding group composition, violent offending and being a victim-offender occurred more often in male-dominated mixed-gender friend groups, whereas victimization risk is not affected by group composition. Frequent alcohol consumption within the group is associated with victimization risk and the victim-offender overlap, whereas going out is associated with offending and the overlap. The findings underline that the peer context is not only of importance for explaining delinquency but also for unraveling victimization and the victim-offender overlap.

尽管来自不同国家背景的被害人和犯罪人重叠的实质性证据，但缺乏对德国的全面审查。本文通过具体区分受害者、犯罪者和受害者-犯罪者的角色，深入了解与同龄人群体相关的受害者-犯罪者重叠的相关性。该分析使用来自德国进行的一项大型犯罪研究的 3,519 名 14 岁和 16 岁学生的样本来检查参与暴力的风险因素。应用多项逻辑回归，成为仅受害者、仅犯罪者或受害者-犯罪者的风险可以通过同龄人的特征来预测，例如会面频率、群体组成、违法行为规范以及与朋友的日常活动。结果表明，与朋友的接近程度和同龄人的违法行为显着影响受害、冒犯和被害人与犯罪人的重叠。在群体构成方面，男性主导的混合性别朋友群体中更常发生暴力犯罪和成为受害者-犯罪者，而受害风险不受群体构成的影响。群体内频繁饮酒与受害风险和被害人-犯罪者重叠有关，而外出则与犯罪和重叠有关。研究结果强调，同伴背景不仅对于解释犯罪很重要，而且对于解开受害情况和受害者-犯罪者重叠也很重要。在男性主导的混合性别朋友群体中，暴力犯罪和成为受害者-犯罪者的情况更常见，而受害风险不受群体构成的影响。群体内频繁饮酒与受害风险和被害人-犯罪者重叠有关，而外出则与犯罪和重叠有关。调查结果强调，同伴背景不仅对于解释犯罪很重要，而且对于解开受害情况和受害者与犯罪者的重叠也很重要。在男性主导的混合性别朋友群体中，暴力犯罪和成为受害者-犯罪者的情况更常见，而受害风险不受群体构成的影响。群体内频繁饮酒与受害风险和被害人-犯罪者重叠有关，而外出则与犯罪和重叠有关。研究结果强调，同伴背景不仅对于解释犯罪很重要，而且对于解开受害情况和受害者-犯罪者重叠也很重要。